Past participle in Italian
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The participio passato is the past tense of the Italian participle mood.
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It is very frequently used in Italian, and it usually has:
It refers to a concluded action and it is made up through the -ato, -uto o -ito endings, instead of the infinitive -are, -ere, -ire.
Gender and Number | Root + Ending |
---|---|
Masculine and feminine singular | -to/a = am-ato/a (loved), cred-uto/a (believed), serv-ito/a (served) |
Masculine and feminine plural | -ti/e = am-ati/e (loved ones), cred-uti/e (believed ones), serv-iti/e (served ones) |
Remember! In intransitive verb conjugations (with essere as auxiliary), the endings of the past participle must fit the gender and the number of the noun they are referring to:
e.g. Egli è amato (He is loved); Ella è amata (She is loved);
Essi sono amati (We are loved); Esse sono amate (They are loved).
The participio passato is full of irregular forms.
Below, you will find the Italian past participle list of the main irregular verbs.
Infinitive | Participle present | Participle past | Passato prossimo (3rd singular) |
---|---|---|---|
Dare (to give) | - | dato | ha dato |
fare (to do) | facente | fatto | ha fatto |
stare (to stay) | stante | stato* | è stato/a |
accendere (to switch on) | accend-ènte | acceso | ha acceso |
bere (to drink) | bev-ènte | bev-uto | ha bevuto |
chiedere (to ask) | chied-ènte | chiesto | ha chiesto |
chiudere (to close) | chiud-ènte | chiuso | ha chiuso |
cogliere (to catch) | cogl-iènte | colto | ha colto |
conoscere (to know) | conosc-ènte | conosc-iuto | ha conosciuto |
correggere (to correct) | corregg-ènte | corretto | ha corretto - è corretto/a |
correre (to run) | corr-ente | corso | ha corso - è corso/a |
cuocere (to cook) | cocènte | còtto | ha cotto - è cotto/a |
decidere (to decide) | decid-ènte | deciso | ha deciso |
dipingere (to paint) | diping-ènte | dipinto | ha dipinto |
esistere (to exist) | esist-ènte | esistito | è esistito |
leggere (to read) | legg-ènte | letto | ha letto |
mettere (to put) | mett-ènte | messo | ha messo |
muovere (to move) | movènte | mosso | ha mosso |
perdere (to loose) | perd-ènte | perso | ha perso |
prendere (to take) | prend-ènte | preso | ha preso |
ridere (to laugh) | rid-ènte | riso | ha riso |
rispondere (to answer) | rispond-ènte | risposto | ha risposto |
vedere (to see) | ved-ènte | visto | ha visto |
vivere (to live) | viv-ente | vissuto | ha vissuto |
apparire (to appear) | appar-ènte | apparso | è apparso/a |
aprire (to open) | aprente | aperto | ha aperto |
dire (to say) | dicènte | detto | ha detto |
dormire (to sleep) | dorm-iente | dorm-ito | ha dormito |
morire (to die) | mor-ènte | morto | è morto/a |
offrire (to offer) | offerènte | offerto | ha offerto |
salire (to go up) | sal-ènte | salito | ha salito - è salito/a |
udire (to hear) | ud-ènte | udito | ha udito |
uscire (to exit) | usc-ènte | uscito | è uscito/a |
essere (to be) | (essènte, ènte) | stato* | è stato/a |
avere (to have) | avènte | avuto | ha avuto |
* Careful! As you can notice, the past participles of essere (to be) and of stare (to stay) are the same. This is because of their meaning and their usage among the speaker:
e.g. Io sono stato male (I was bad) vs. Io non sono stato a casa ieri (I didn't stay at home last night).
As we said, the participio passato in Italian can have both a verbal than a nominal value.
The nominal value is typical of the present participle, while the past participle is mainly typified by the verbal value.
Therefore, it is important to keep in mind that:
Past participle values | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Nominal | In questo cimitero sono sepolti i caduti in guerra. | The fallen in war are buried in this graveyard. |
Adjectival | Il sentiero davanti a noi era coperto di foglie morte. | The path before us was covered with dead leaves. |
Verbal (passive with transitive verb) | Vista la situazione, i ragazzi tornarono svelti a casa. | Given the situation, the boys went home quickly. |
Verbal (active with intransitive verb) | Corso davanti alla porta, il cane cominciò ad abbaiare. | When the dog came before the door, it started to bark. |
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Hello Everybody
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I am available for any explanations also via e mail
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
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