Present subjunctive in Italian (congiuntivo presente)
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The presente congiuntivo is one of the most used tenses of the subjunctive mood in Italian. It usually expresses unreal or hypothetical statements.
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Usually, Italian speakers use the present subjunctive to:
Examples | Translation |
---|---|
Spero che il tuo esame vada bene. | I hope you will pass your exam. |
Mi auguro che tu mangi quella torta. | I hope you will eat that cake. |
Non voglio che si demoralizzi. | I don't want her to become disheartened. |
Vada avanti, io la seguo. | You go forward, I'll follow! |
If it is used correctly, the present subjunctive in Italian appears:
Examples | Translation |
---|---|
Credo che Mattia sia ancora a Parigi. | I think that Mattia is still in Paris. |
Ho chiamato il taxi affinché tu possa arrivare a casa più in fretta. | I have called a cab so that you will reach your home faster. |
Benché egli sia il figlio di mia zia, lo reputo un fratello. | Even if he is my aunt's son, I threat him like a brother. |
Prima che sia troppo tardi, vieni con noi! | Before it is too late, come with us! |
Ti ascolterò, purché tu mi dica la verità. | I will listen to you only if you are honest. |
Below we will see how the present subjunctive in Italian is formed.
Regular verbs in Italian present subjunctive are formed through specific endings. These endings are different according to the conjugations (-are, -ere, -ire).
| Root | Ending | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | guard | -i | Nonostante io guardi sempre la partita, non conosco tutti i giocatori. | Even though I always watch the football game, I don't remember all the players' names. |
(Che) tu | guard | -i | Non so se la guardi con occhi diversi, ma lei ormai è a disagio. | I don't know if you are looking at her differently, but she feels uncomfortable by now. |
(Che) egli / ella | guard | -i | Benché ella guardi spesso sé stessa con lucidità, talvolta è proprio irrazionale. | Although she is looking at herself with a clear mind, sometimes she is really irrational. |
(Che) noi | guard | -iamo* | Non appena guardiamo i difetti degli altri, dimentichiamo i nostri. | As soon as we look at the others' flaws, we forget having them too. |
(Che) voi | guard | -iate* | È importante che guardiate i dettagli del quadro per capire lo stile dell'artista. | It is important for you to look closely at the picture details in order to understand the painter style. |
(Che) essi /esse | guard | -ino | Nonostante guardino sempre prima di attraversare la strada, spesso i pedoni sono vittima di incidenti. | Although pedestrians always look around before they cross the street, it's often dangerous for them. |
Root | Ending | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | tem | -a | Penso che il mio gatto tema il rumore del vento. | I think my cat is afraid of the sound of the wind. |
(Che) tu | tem | -a | Mi auguro che tu non tema gli insetti. | I hope you are not afraid of the insects. |
(Che) egli / ella | tem | -a | Benché la loro figlia non tema il buio, la lasciano dormire con una luce accesa. | Even though their daughter is not afraid of the dark, they let her sleep with the light on. |
(Che) noi | tem | -iamo* | Ci rassicurano affinché noi non temiamo il peggio. | They are reassuring us iso that we don't fear the worst. |
(Che) voi | tem | -iate* | Non è necessario che voi lo temiate. | It is not necessary for you to fear that. |
(Che) essi / esse | tem | -ano | Non credo proprio che loro ci temano. | I don't believe they are afraid of us. |
Root | Ending | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | sent | -a | Fanno sempre in modo che io non li senta uscire al mattino. | They always make sure that I don't hear them leaving in the morning. |
(Che) tu | sent | -a | È molto strano che tu non lo senta. | It's really strange you aren't able to hear it. |
(Che) egli / ella | sent | -a | Voglio che mi senta! | I want her to hear me! |
(Che) noi | sent | -iamo* | Nonostante non ci sentiamo tutti i giorni, so che mi vuole bene. | Even though we are not constantly in contact, I know she cares about me. |
(Che) voi | sent | -iate* | Forse ritiene che voi lo sentiate. | Maybe he thinks you can hear him. |
(Che) essi / esse | sent | -ano | Benché non mi sentano, ho paura di cosa potrebbero pensare. | Although they can't hear me, I am afraid of what they could think about me. |
* Remember! The Italian present subjunctive uses the same suffix of the presente indicativo for the 1° plural person (e.g. -iamo) and the same suffix for the 2° plural person in all the conjugations (-iate).
In Italian, there are many irregular verbs that don't follow any inflectional pattern or any grammatical rule. These verbs have to be studied by heart. Nonetheless, they can be gathered together inside the conjugation groups due to their infinitive suffixes (-are, -ere, -ire).
Let's briefly see some examples.
The main and only irregular verbs of the 1° conjugation (their infinitive form ends with -are suffix) are: dare (to give), stare (to stay), andare (to go), fare (to do).
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | dia | Vuole che gli dia il mio numero. | She wants me to give her my number. |
(Che) tu | dia | Pensa che tu dia confidenza agli estranei. | He thinks you are to much friendly with strangers. |
(Che) egli / ella | dia | Dia a suo fratello quel che le pare! | Let her give her brother what she wants! |
(Che) noi | diamo | Temono che diamo tutti i vestiti vecchi in beneficienza. | They're afraid that we give all the old clothes for charity. |
(Che) voi | diate | Prima che diate via quelle scarpe, controllatene lo stato. | Before you will give away those shoes, check their status. |
(Che) essi / esse | diano | Dubito che diano quei gadget gratis. | I doubt that they are giving those gadgets for free. |
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | stia | Pensi che io stia qui a non far nulla? | Do you think I am here doing nothing? |
(Che) tu | stia | Perché tu stia bene, devi prenderti una pausa. | You have to take a break to be fine. |
(Che) egli / ella | stia | Mi chiedo se stia bene. | I wonder if she is fine. |
(Che) noi | stiamo | Pensate sempre che noi stiamo troppo tempo per conto nostro. | You always think that we are staying too much time on our own. |
(Che) voi | stiate | Per me è davvero importante che voi stiate bene qui. | It's really important to me that you are fine here. |
(Che) essi / esse | stiano | Sono sicuro che stiano qui! | I'm sure they are staying here! |
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | vada | Desidera che io vada via per un po'. | She wish I went away for a while. |
(Che) tu | vada | Non voglio che tu vada alla festa senza di me. | I don't want you to go to the party without me. |
(Che) egli / ella | vada | Dubito che vada a Manchester questa estate. | I doubt she'll go to Manchester this summer. |
(Che) noi | andiamo | È meglio che andiamo via da qui. | It's better for us to go away from here. |
(Che) voi | andiate | Prima che andiate, potreste gettare via la spazzatura? | Before you go, could you throw away the trash? |
(Che) essi / esse | vadano | Nonostante vadano di fretta, non dimenticano mai di salutare. | Even though they always go away quickly, they never forget their goodbyes. |
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | faccia | Pensa che io faccia troppo spesso la doccia. | He thinks I take the shower too often. |
(Che) tu | faccia | Per evitare che tu faccia troppi sforzi, sono venuta ad aiutarti. | I've come to help you to avoid you'll make a great deal of effort. |
(Che) egli / ella | faccia | Dicono che la plastica non faccia bene all'ambiente. | They say plastic isn't good for the environment. |
(Che) noi | facciamo | Ci stanno chiedendo cosa facciamo. | They're asking us what we are doing. |
(Che) voi | facciate | Temo facciate tardi di nuovo. | I'm afraid you will be late again. |
(Che) essi / essa | facciano | Non ho idea di cosa facciano. | I don't have a clue of what they're doing. |
The 2° conjugation (infinitive form ends with -ere suffix) of presente congiuntivo is probably the richest of irregular forms; here we have:
Potere (to can) | Dovere (to must) | Sapere (to know) | Volere (to want) | Scegliere (to choose) | Porre (to put) | Rimanere (to remain) | Bere (to drink) | Sedere (to sit) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
(Che) tu | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
(Che) egli / ella | possa | debba | sappia | voglia | scelga | ponga | rimanga | beva | sieda |
(Che) noi | possiamo | dobbiamo | sappiamo | vogliamo | scegliamo | poniamo | rimaniamo | beviamo | sediamo |
(Che) voi | possiate | dobbiate | sappiate | vogliate | scegliate | poniate | rimaniate | beviate | sediate |
(Che) essi / esse | possano | debbano | sappiano | vogliano | scelgano | pongano | rimangano | bevano | siedano |
We can divide the 3° conjugation verbs (ending with -ire suffix) in two main groups:
Finire (to finish) | Dire (to say) | Uscire (to exit) | Morire (to die) | Venire (to come) | Udire (to hear) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
(Che) tu | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
(Che) egli / ella | finisca | dica | esca | muoia | venga | oda |
(Che) noi | finiamo | diciamo | usciamo | moriamo | veniamo | udiamo |
(Che) voi | finiate | diciate | usciate | moriate | veniate | udiate |
(Che) essi / esse | finiscano | dicano | escano | muoiano | vengano | odano |
Essere (to be) and avere (to have) are the main auxiliary verbs in Italian.
Essere is the most irregular verb in Italian. Let's see the following examples.
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | sia | Benché io sia altruista, c'è un limite a tutto. | Although I am a generous person, there is a limit to everything. |
(Che) tu | sia | Non posso credere che sia tu! | I can't believe you are the one! |
(Che) egli / ella | sia | Credi sia lui la persona che cercano? | Do you think he is the one they're looking for? |
(Che) noi | siamo | Penso che siamo nel posto giusto. | I think we are in the right place. |
(Che) voi | siate | Spero voi siate sicuri di ciò che fate. | I hope you are sure of what you are doing. |
(Che) essi / esse | siano | Dubito che siano così antipatici come sembrano. | I am not sure they are so unpleasant as they seem. |
Avere forms the present subjunctive irregularly as well.
Verb form | Example | Translation | |
---|---|---|---|
(Che) io | abbia | Non credere che io non abbia sonno! | Don't think that I am not tired! |
(Che) tu | abbia | Ritengo che tu abbia ragione. | I think you are right. |
(Che) egli / ella | abbia | Che abbia perso le chiavi? | Would he have lost his keys? |
(Che) noi | abbiamo | Direi che abbiamo tutto. | I suppose we have everything. |
(Che) voi | abbiate | Penso che abbiate torto. | I think you are wrong. |
(Che) essi / esse | abbiano | Non credo che abbiano le forze. | I don't believe they are strong enough. |
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I am Tina, am Italian, from the south part of Italy. Am 35, I graduated in languages and International communication in Rome. I studied English, Spanish and French at university and Bulgarian on my own. I have a specialist title for teaching Italian as a foreign language. I personally prepare the teaching material, I studied how to project material. My method is communicative and situational, respectful of cultural aspects and interculture. My teaching method permits a multisensorial learning, I use you- tube videos and pictures, arts pictures, songs and other authentic material of everyday Life (informal and public enviroment) . My lessons and my teaching material are Dynamic and interactive. I want students to have a nice and funny learning experience, I try to have impact on the emotions of the students, so that he can learn better as there Is a link between Memory and emotions.
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
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Elena is a great teacher! Kind, nice, very well prepared, in short, if you want to learn Italian she is your teacher. Elena is a great teacher! Kind, cheerful, well prepared, in short, if you would like to learn Italian she is your teacher. Elena is a brilliant teacher! Amable, sympathetic, preparada, en definitively, you are thinking en aprender italiano ella es tu profesora.
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My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
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I have had many lessons with Luisa and I always look forward to them. We begin by chatting about the past week's events and them move to Espresso which I find very useful as a good review of material I have done in the past. There is often additional words used I had not met before. Luisa is always a pleasure to talk with and is a kind and pleasant teacher. She corrects me gently and offers useful words or meanings when appropriate.
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Hello, everybody ! My name is Elena. I’m a native Italian speaker, I’m 49 years old and live in Turin. I am a certified CEDILS teacher, I graduated in Foreign Languages and Literature in Milan and have been working as a teacher of Italian for more than 10 years. I speak English and German. I attended specialization courses for Italian L2 teachers and I am interviewer for C1 PLIDA exam.
Are you seeking a friendly and dynamic study environment ? I got what you need. I am looking forward to being in touch with new students and organize pleasant, interesting and fruitful courses.
Do you wish to learn or improve your Italian to speak with your parents or friends? Do you need Italian for work or study ? Do you simply love Italian language and culture ? Do you need to improve your writing skills ?
My classes are tailored on your needs and considering your level of knowledge, I create a proper course plan. Classes focus on language and on the possibility for you to improve your ability to speak and understand Italian in your daily life or in work.
I offer 1-to-1 or 2-to-1 tuition, general Italian courses (grammar, conversation, listening, reading and writing), preparation to Italian examinations (all levels, also Italian for residence permit) and Italian and culture courses.
Grammar, vocabulary exercises, reading articles and magazines and talking together are all tools to feel at ease with the Italian language and then be able to practice it.
I have worked with children, adolescents and adults for all levels of Italian, from beginner to advanced. I have experience in preparing students to international certification (CILS, PLIDA). I was an A2/B1 Telc examiner.
Learning Italian can be closely related to culture, literature, music, sport and any other interest of my students.
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Hello, I'm Paul originally from London, I've been teaching adults for 9 years online and in person, individually and in groups. I'm passionate about teaching and helping people improve their communication, I really like travelling and realise how important english can be for people's jobs and social lives so I do whatever I can so my students reach their objectives.
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Paul is a well-structrured, certified and experienced teacher. He is passionate about teaching English and is a very good choice as a teacher.
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Do you want to learn Italian to know better the Italian culture and enjoy a trip in Italy? Do you need it for your business or to speak with your relatives?
Whatever is your reason in learning Italian I can help you and personalize your lesson according to your needs and interest.
My work as Italian tutor started with my love for languages and for travels. I experienced that learning a new language is a way to know a new culture and to enrich your knowledge of the world.
I started teaching Italian online few years ago. I have a TEFL certificate, and currently teach students from different parts of the world.
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A big 'thank you'to Davide for the last 12 lessons. We have done some very useful work together and he is supportive and encouraging.
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Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
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Luisa is such a great teacher; she’s energetic, patient, enthusiastic. I recommend her for anyone, child or adult.
Luisa A.Thank you so much Nicole !!!! much appreciated !!
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Hi, my name is Alessia, I teach Italian to foreigners.
I got a degree in "DAMS" (Disciplines of Arts, Music, and Entertainment), a degree in "Italian Literature, language, and Culture - Cultural Promotion Curriculum", the CEDILS certification from the Ca' Foscari University of Venice for the teaching of 'Italian to foreigners and I am a CELI examiner of the CEDIS Lazio network. I have collaborated on various educational projects, language learning apps, and educational and recreational videos for children.
I am available to help you with your projects if you need help writing for example a theme, a letter, or your curriculum vitae.
An example of one of my lessons to learn the language in a more fun way? Through the analysis of a scene taken from an Italian film, we will analyze the syntax, grammar, idioms, and puns, we will hear the accents so that you too can speak like an Italian.
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Alessia is a goal-oriented and very professional teacher who I can recommend highly. She targets a students weak points allowing one to improve rapidly. We worked with various mediums e.g. documentaries, textbooks, written and verbal exercises, all specifically chosen to meet the needs and interests of the student.
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