Function of Italian words (subject, object)
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Words can be classified according to their role in a sentence.
| Function | Role | Italian | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Carries out the action | Il gatto dorme. | The cat is sleeping. |
| Direct Object | Answers question: Who? What? | Io vedo il gatto. | I see the cat. |
| Indirect Object | Answers question: Whom? To/For What? | Io do da mangiare al gatto. | I feed the cat. |
| Complement | Adds further information | Vedo un gatto rosso. | I see a red cat. |
Lesson outline
HideWhat is a subject?
The subject of the sentence carries out an action determined by the verb.
| Italian | English |
|---|---|
| Io mangio una mela. | I eat an apple. |
| Mario ha deciso di aprire un ristorante. | Mario decided to open a restaurant. |
| Noi siamo contenti. | We are happy. |
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What is an object?
The object of a sentence is a person or element which is affected by the action carried out by the verb.
Objects can be divided in Direct and Indirect Objects.
Direct object
Direct objects answer the questions Who? What? and aren't generally introduced by a prepositions.
| Italian | English |
|---|---|
| Il vento apre la finestra. | The wind opens the window. |
| Vedo la mia ombra. | I can see my shadow. |
| Portami una penna. | Bring me a pen. |
Indirect object
Indirect objects answers the questions Whom? To/For What? and are generally introduced by a preposition.
| Italian | English |
|---|---|
| Ho dato il regalo a mia cugina. | I gave the present to my cousin. |
| Il postino ha portato questa lettera per te. | The postman brought this letter for you. |
| L'insegnante parla con il preside. | The teacher is talking with the principal. |
What is a complement?
Complement is a general name for any element that adds further information to the object, the verb, or an object.
Obligatory complements
In some cases, complements are compulsory in order for the sentence to make sense.
Example: Mi ha dato i soldi. (She gave me the money)
Mi/Me and I soldi/The money are complements. This sentence wouldn't make sense if these two elements (or even if just one) were omitted.
It's the verb itself that determines what kinds of complements are needed for the sentence to make sense.
Non-obligatory complements
Sometimes complements are simply added in a sentence to specify new information, for completeness.
Example: Ho visto un vestito [rosso]. (I saw a [red] dress)
Notice how Rosso/Red could be easily omitted and the sentence could still make sense. This is because this kind of complement simply specifies a new, additional, information.
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Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
Nicole .
Luisa is such a great teacher; she’s energetic, patient, enthusiastic. I recommend her for anyone, child or adult.
Luisa A.
Thank you so much Nicole !!!! much appreciated !!
Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
I have had many lessons with Luisa and I always look forward to them. We begin by chatting about the past week's events and them move to Espresso which I find very useful as a good review of material I have done in the past. There is often additional words used I had not met before. Luisa is always a pleasure to talk with and is a kind and pleasant teacher. She corrects me gently and offers useful words or meanings when appropriate.
Dear Martin thank you so much ! It's my pleasure taking class with you. And thanks a lot for your suggestion about Us movies ( Just Mercy) or Us books
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Angalinna .
Elena is an excellent Italian native teacher. She is very punctual, professional and friendly. My daughter and I love the lessons given by her. During the lesson she easily adapts to the difference in level between my daughter and me. In the lesson she takes the time to have a conversation in which we practice the learned material. We highly recommend Elena!!
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Thank you, Angalinna. I'm happy to know that you are both satisfied with the lessons. Keep on learning and you'll continue to improve!
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela and I am a qualified Italian language teacher! I teach Italian and English at school, and Spanish and French as a freelancer. I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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Pedro N.
Very Nice communication, easy to study and practice Italiano, I am a Beginner and She has the patience to understand me.
Daniela V.
Hola Pedro, thanks for your words. I'm glad you enjoyed our first class. Get ready, we are going to learn more and more! :-D
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela and I am a qualified Italian language teacher! I teach Italian and English at school, and Spanish and French as a freelancer. I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
Alexandra .
Daniela is super nice! Super professional and lessons delivered in a informal and enjoyable way! Thanks Daniela :)
Daniela V.
Hello Everybody
My name is Luisa and I teach Italian for foreign students, English, French and German for Italian students
Since 1994, I have dedicated myself to translating and teaching thanks to my travels, abroad studies, foreign reading and writing. I provide fun and customized lessons based on the student's goals. I also triy to minimize English speaking during the lessons. I give homework exercises, and my lessons are intermixed with grammar, conversation, customs and traditions. My goal is to make certain that each student finds learning Italian exciting.
I am available for any explanations also via e mail
Kimberly H.
Luisa is fantastic! We are just doing conversation because that is what I need, and requested from Luisa. Easy flow and no lacking of topics to talk about with her. I highly recommend Luisa!!!
Thank you so much !!! It's a pleasure for me !!!
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela and I am a qualified Italian language teacher! I teach Italian and English at school, and Spanish and French as a freelancer. I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
Linda V.
Daniela is an excellent teacher. has a lot of patience and you shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. she is always there to help you. Thanks Daniela
Dear Linda, thank you for your positive feedback. I am very happy that you feel comfortable and this is very important to me. Thanks to you for the great trust :-)
My name is Jay and I'm from Morocco I love to teach English and share my knowledge of Moroccan and western culture with young students.
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Leo S.
Jalal is a teacher with experience in several countries with lots of passion about teaching English.
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Teacher J.
Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela and I am a qualified Italian language teacher! I teach Italian and English at school, and Spanish and French as a freelancer. I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
David S.
Fabulous teacher. Very clear, very encouraging and very helpful. Also very flexible and accommodating. Cannot recommend Daniela highly enough.
Daniela V.
I offer English and Indonesian language classes. My class is based on conversation practice. You will learn grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary through practice. You will learn in a safest way because I always want to make sure my students feel comfortable and safe during the class, so they are not afraid to make mistakes.
Leo S.
Ade is a very gentle person with lots of experience in teaching English. She offers well structured lessons, I totally recommend her!
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Ni Nengah W.
Hi there, my name is Roberta. I am an Italian native speaker, and a professional language teacher with a DITALS II certification from Siena University. I live in Italy in a lovely little town called Monate near a small lake of the same name, just 40 minutes by car from Milan.
The aim of the lessons will not be learning generic Italian but to learn Italian according to the needs of every student. Each lesson will be personalized and designed to match students’ interests, linguistic level and learning style.
Every lesson will be planned around a text, which could either be a written piece, an audio segment or a video that will be used as a focal point for both communication and grammatical study. I will provide students with all of the teaching materials used in class that can later be used for homework and self – study, especially for developing writing skills.
I have been working as an Italian teacher since 2016, offering both traditional and e-learning/online classes. I am specialized at teaching young people and adults who want to study Italian for a variety of different reasons: work, education, residency or simply for a love of Italy and its culture.
Finally, as a result of my volunteer position as a documents advisor for immigrants, I can help students to prepare for the B1 level Italian language exam, which is necessary to apply for Italian citizenship.
Emma F.
Roberta, is a fantastic teacher! She really helped to improve my confidence in using the formal Italian and in preparing for interviews in Italy. She tailored all our lessons to exactly my needs, and we also had a laugh in the process. Thanks again for all your help Roberta!
Roberta L.
Thank you very much Emma, they are very happy to have helped you!
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Leo S.
Maria has experience in teaching spanish lessons and is very well structured. I really recommend her to everybody.
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María L.
Hi everybody!
I have a huge experience in teaching languages. I have taught Spanish to teenagers, and I have been teaching French since 2016.
To do so, I like to use the principles of the CECR, which involves totally the student. I like to teach every aspect of the language (grammar, vocabulary and phonetic), but I am also very interested in the student's needs.
I have lived in France for 26 years, and since then I have been living in Spain, which means I totally dominate both languages!
I can also prepare the candidats to pass the French exam of DELF (I pass and correct these exams).
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Leo S.
Daniel is a teacher with a lot of experience in teaching and plenty of materials. .I can totally recommend him
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Daniel D.
