Subjunctive in French (le Subjonctif)
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The subjunctive (French: le subjonctif) in French is a mode and is used to express a doubt, a desired fact, an uncertain action that has not been realized at the moment we express ourselves. The subjunctive is used with verbs expressing envy, wishes, desire, emotion, obligation, doubt or uncertainty.
Examples:
Although, the subjunctive is a mode and the indicative a tense, French differentiate the two:
Infinitif | Indicatif | Subjonctif |
---|---|---|
prendre | je prends | que je prenne |
aller | je vais | que j'aille |
voir | je vois | que je vois |
Note that the indicative is used for verbs expressing one's own opinion, probability or certainty.
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You use the subjunctive in French under the following circumstances:
We use the subjunctive in the "que" sentence for verbs that denote a personal opinion or subjective feeling:
It is used with the expression of:
The subjunctive insists on the potentiality on a desired goal but without verifying its realization. Relatives with a superlative (most ..., least ...) are often used in the subjunctive. It is also common when the main clause contains terms such as:
The subjunctive has 4 tenses: the present and the past, the imperfect and the pluperfect which are barely used.
The subjunctive present expresses an uncertain action, not realized at the moment we are talking.
Examples:
All verbs have the same endings in the present subjunctive except the verbs 'avoir' and 'etre':
aller (to go) | finir (to finish) | partir (to leave) |
---|---|---|
que j'aille | que je finisse | que je parte |
que tu ailles | que tu finisses | que tu partes |
qu'il/elle/on aille | qu'il/elle/on finisse | qu'il/elle/on parte |
que nous allions | que nous finissions | que nous partions |
que vous alliez | que vous finissiez | que vous partiez |
qu'ils/elles aillent | qu'ils/elles aillent | qu'ils/elles partent |
When using the subjunctive present in a subordinate clause, then the verb of the main proposition is in the present tense
The past subjunctive expresses an uncertain action, supposedly realized at the moment when we are talking.
Sample sentences | Translation |
---|---|
Je regrette qu'il n'ait pas trouvé un travail. | I regret that he had not found a job. |
Il est content que je soit venue le voir. | he is happy that I came to see him. |
The subjunctive perfect in French is formed with the auxiliary verb avoir or être in the subjunctive present + the past participle.
Subjonctif passé with avoir voir (to see) | Subjonctif passé with être aller (to go) |
---|---|
que j'ais vu | que je sois allé(e) |
que tu ais vu | que tu sois allé(e) |
qu'il/elle/on ait vu | qu'il/elle/on soit allé(e) |
que nous ayons vu | que nous soyons allé(e)s |
que vous ayez vu | que vous soyez allé(e)s |
qu'ils/elles aient vu | qu'ils/elles soient allé(e)s |
Most French verbs make their compound times with avoir. However, there are some verbs that are formed with être, which you should memorize well.
The imperfect subjunctive is especially used in literature. It is a simple time that expresses an uncertain action, not realized at the moment when the speaker spoke.
Examples:
The subjunctive imperfect in French is formed :
aimer | finir | prendre | courir |
---|---|---|---|
que j'aimasse | que je finisse | que je prisse | que je courusse |
que tu aimasses | que tu finisses | que tu prisses | que tu courusses |
qu'il/elle/on aimât | qu'il/elle/on finît | qu'il/elle/on prît | qu'il/elle/on couût |
que nous aimassions | que nous finissions | que nous prissions | que nous courussions |
que vous aimassiez | que vous finissiez | que vous prissiez | que vous courussiez |
qu'ils/elles aimassent | qu'ils/elles finissent | qu'ils/elles prissent | qu'ils/elles courussent |
The pluperfect subjunctive expresses an uncertain action, supposedly realized at the moment when the speaker spoke. It is especially used in literature.
Examples:
The pluperfect subjunctive is formed:with the imperfect subjunctive of the auxiliary of 'être' or 'avoir' + the past participle.
Subjonctif plus-que-parfait with avoir écrire (to write) | Subjonctif plus-que-parfait with être partir (to leave) |
---|---|
J'eusse écrit | je fusse parti |
tu eusses écrit | tu fusses parti |
il/elle/on eût écrit | il/elle/on fût parti |
nous eussions écrit(e)s | nous fussions parti(e)s |
vous eussiez écrit(e)s | vous fussiez parti(e)s |
ils/elles eussent écrit(e)s | ils/elles fussent parti(e)s |
You want to know more about the subjunctive in French? Then have a look at our respective continuing chapters of the most used tenses of the subjunctive: "le subjonctif présent" and "le subjonctif passé".
Rewrite the following sentences in the imperfect subjunctive
Example: Il voulait que nous venions le voir.
Il voulait que nous vinssions le voir.
1) J'étais heureux qu'elle soit à l'heure.
J'étais heureux à l'heure
(I was happy that she arrives on time)
2) Il fallait qu'elle le fasse.
Il fallait le
(She had to do it)
3) Elle était trop fatiguée pour que la soirée soit agréable.
Elle était trop fatiguée pour que la soirée agréable.
(She was so tired for the party to be good)
4) Je voulais qu'il vienne me voir.
Je veux me voir
(I wanted him to come to see me)
5) Il fallait que tu ailles faire les courses.
Il fallait faire les courses.
(You had to go shopping)
6) Il était nécessaire qu'elle aie une assurance pour son voyage.
Il était nécessaire un assurance pour son voyage
(She needed to have an insurance for her trip)
7) Je voulais que tu prennes un billet pour le Maroc.
Je voulais un billet pour le Maroc
(I wanted him to take a ticket for Morocco)
8) Elle doutait que tu comprennes les démarches.
Elle doutait les démarches
(She was doubting that you understand the steps)
9) Elle cherchait Léo pour qu'il puisse le faire.
Elle cherchait Léo pour le faire
(She was looking for Léo so that he can do it)
10) Je doutais que vous sachiez la réponse.
Je doutais la réponse
(I was doubting you know the answer)
(The auxiliary être agrees in gender and number)
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the pluperfect subjunctive. Bonne chance!
Exemple: je ne savais pas que ta soeur __________ en France. (partir)
Je ne savais pas que ta soeur fusses partie en France.
Il doutait qu'il malade. (être)
(He was doubting that he was sick)
Je regrettais qu'elles ne pas . (venir)
(I was sorry that they did not come)
Elle était triste qu'il à l'armée. (aller)
(She was sad that he went in the army)
Elle était heureuse de savoir que nous avec le chef d'équipe. (parler)
(She was happy to know that we talked to the foreman)
Il était nécessaire que tu une bonne présentation. (faire)
(You needed to do a good presentation)
Il semblait que vous vos devoirs. (finir)
(You seemed to finish you homework)
Nous préférions attendre jusqu'à ce qu'ils . (revenir)
(We would rather wait until they came back)
Ils était heureux que leurs parents une lettre. (écrire)
(They were happy that their parents wrote a letter)
Il avait peur qu'elle n' pas son entretien d'embauche. (réussir)
(He was afraid that she did not succeed her job interview)
Il est important que vous ce que le professeur a dit. (entendre)
(It is important that you heard what the teacher has said)
Rewrite the following sentences in the imperfect subjunctive
Example: Il voulait que nous venions le voir.
Il voulait que nous vinssions le voir.
1) J'étais heureux qu'elle soit à l'heure.
J'étais heureux à l'heure
(I was happy that she arrives on time)
2) Il fallait qu'elle le fasse.
Il fallait le
(She had to do it)
3) Elle était trop fatiguée pour que la soirée soit agréable.
Elle était trop fatiguée pour que la soirée agréable.
(She was so tired for the party to be good)
4) Je voulais qu'il vienne me voir.
Je veux me voir
(I wanted him to come to see me)
5) Il fallait que tu ailles faire les courses.
Il fallait faire les courses.
(You had to go shopping)
6) Il était nécessaire qu'elle aie une assurance pour son voyage.
Il était nécessaire un assurance pour son voyage
(She needed to have an insurance for her trip)
7) Je voulais que tu prennes un billet pour le Maroc.
Je voulais un billet pour le Maroc
(I wanted him to take a ticket for Morocco)
8) Elle doutait que tu comprennes les démarches.
Elle doutait les démarches
(She was doubting that you understand the steps)
9) Elle cherchait Léo pour qu'il puisse le faire.
Elle cherchait Léo pour le faire
(She was looking for Léo so that he can do it)
10) Je doutais que vous sachiez la réponse.
Je doutais la réponse
(I was doubting you know the answer)
(The auxiliary être agrees in gender and number)
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the pluperfect subjunctive. Bonne chance!
Exemple: je ne savais pas que ta soeur __________ en France. (partir)
Je ne savais pas que ta soeur fusses partie en France.
Il doutait qu'il malade. (être)
(He was doubting that he was sick)
Je regrettais qu'elles ne pas . (venir)
(I was sorry that they did not come)
Elle était triste qu'il à l'armée. (aller)
(She was sad that he went in the army)
Elle était heureuse de savoir que nous avec le chef d'équipe. (parler)
(She was happy to know that we talked to the foreman)
Il était nécessaire que tu une bonne présentation. (faire)
(You needed to do a good presentation)
Il semblait que vous vos devoirs. (finir)
(You seemed to finish you homework)
Nous préférions attendre jusqu'à ce qu'ils . (revenir)
(We would rather wait until they came back)
Ils était heureux que leurs parents une lettre. (écrire)
(They were happy that their parents wrote a letter)
Il avait peur qu'elle n' pas son entretien d'embauche. (réussir)
(He was afraid that she did not succeed her job interview)
Il est important que vous ce que le professeur a dit. (entendre)
(It is important that you heard what the teacher has said)
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Also, standard French lessons
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
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Hello,
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Join a small group of learners of 2 or 3 for conversation lessons with me. An article or video to watch before the lesson and a conversation with personalized corrections during the lesson. This option saves you at least 10 euros per lesson on Colanguage.
Group opening:
Monday and/or Wednesday from 17:30 to 18:30 (French time).
Level: intermediate (B1)
Also, standard French lessons
- level A2 (low intermediate)
- 2 hours a week
- ask for schedule
Don’t know your level? Ask for a free level test.
I give Skype lessons to people who need or want to improve their French language. I like to use material from the internet (videos, article etc.) to introduce a theme which leads to a lesson and a conversation.
I like to create engaging learning with my students. I will give as homework a document to watch or to read with comprehension exercises so the time we have on skype is only speaking practice and explanation if needed.
I can help you prepare DELF-DALF Exams or work on specific needs (as professional French).
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Ilaria V.
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Thanks Giacomo!
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
À bientôt!
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Very modern. At the same time, we process texts via a file. The lessons were adapted to my needs and are very effective and recommendable!
Natalia L.
We worked with Lida to perfect her French. She is at a very advanced level and we study specific vocabulary for her work. She is a very dedicated student and I see her speaking French better and better. Lida, keep up the good work!
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I am a serious and reliable person: availability and professionalism are the qualities that best characterize me. I have already had experiences in the field of tutoring and I have also prepared several students to study for the Trinity/Cambridge, DELE and DELF exams.
I am perfectly competent in foreign languages, but I am also able to help students in other subjects (humanistic or not). I have got a Master's degree in Modern Languages and Literatures and my language skills are certified.
Lessons include conversations in the language chosen and I normally share teaching materials previously chosen according to the needs of the student. When necessary, we will start the lessons with a review of grammar and then address the topics requested by the student.
Lessons are mainly aimed at middle school and high school students, but I also provide preparation for university exams.
As a private teacher, I find it important to discuss with the student on issues related to the modality of the lessons and the objectives of they pursue. I am very patient and I use very flexible teaching methods.
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Laura is a young teacher with a degree in languages. Her teaching method is based on her university books, teachers' advice and direct experience with her students. The material she uses during the lessons is well-structured and planned. With her, you will be able to learn a new language very easily.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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Carlos is an excellent, professional and experienced Spanish teacher. His method is made up of theory and exercises, he uses school documents and is prepared for all levels of Spanish. Highly recommended.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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Hello,
My name is Tiska. I am a French Teacher with experiences with adults and teenagers in Public Education (USA) and Language Schools. I am holding a Master Degree in FLE (Teaching French as a Foreign Language).
Join a small group of learners of 2 or 3 for conversation lessons with me. An article or video to watch before the lesson and a conversation with personalized corrections during the lesson. This option saves you at least 10 euros per lesson on Colanguage.
Group opening:
Monday and/or Wednesday from 17:30 to 18:30 (French time).
Level: intermediate (B1)
Also, standard French lessons
- level A2 (low intermediate)
- 2 hours a week
- ask for schedule
Don’t know your level? Ask for a free level test.
I give Skype lessons to people who need or want to improve their French language. I like to use material from the internet (videos, article etc.) to introduce a theme which leads to a lesson and a conversation.
I like to create engaging learning with my students. I will give as homework a document to watch or to read with comprehension exercises so the time we have on skype is only speaking practice and explanation if needed.
I can help you prepare DELF-DALF Exams or work on specific needs (as professional French).
Really like to speak about all the subjects with the student especially those the student like so it gives the motivation to speak in the foreign language.
The free first lesson is organize to know your tastes, your level and your needs so we can plan the next lessons about the objectives you fixed.
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Tiska is a very good teacher: her lessons are well structured and she follows your French level perfectly. The method she uses is modern and leaves room for conversation. Homework is a real party with the videos, listening to music videos and grammar which is well explained in the book. I can highly recommend Tiska for your French lesson.
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1 Present Subjunctive (Le subjonctif présent) in French | Get an overview of the subjunctive present in French and study the topic online |
2 Past Subjunctive (le subjonctif passé) in French | Get an overview of the past subjunctive in French and study the topic online |