French relative pronouns - qui, que, qu'
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Relative pronouns (French: les pronoms relatifs) in general aim to replace a noun antecendt, but are also used to introduce a new clause which gives information about the antecedent.
In the French language we differ between:
Qui functions as the subject of the clause and can refer to either a person or a thing. In general it can be translated with who, which or that. However qui can also be used in proverbs to replace celui qui as well as in certain obsolete idiomatic expression.
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Que is utilized as the direct object of a clause and can also refer to persons or things.
It can be translated with whom, which or that and in some cases also is used to replace où after certain expressions of time.
Pay attention when you have to use que in front of a vowel because in this case it has to be transformed to qu'.
Auquel is used when the antecedent is a thing. In most cases it can be translated with which.
Furthermore it's utilized when the prepositions à and lequel are preceded. Below you find an overview about the different forms of auquel.
masculine | feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | auquel | à laquelle |
Plural | auxquels | auxquelles |
Dont is used to refer to persons or things and can be translated with whose, of (about) which, of (about) whom.
This pronoun can only be used when it immediately follows the noun to which it refers. If the noun is followed by a prepositional phrase, de plus lequel has to be used.
Note that the relative pronoun dont cannot be followed by a possessive adjective.
Lequel is used after a preposition and usually refers to things or persons. It can be translated with which and has to agree with the antecedent. Especially after parmi and entre the forms of lequel are obligatory to use if you are referring to persons.
masculine | feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | lequel | laquelle |
Plural | lesquels | lesquelles |
Ce qui in general is used as the subject of the clause when there is no antecedent. It can be translated with what or that which.
Ce que in comparison to ce qui, is used as the object of a verb in a relative clause when there is no antecedent. It also can be translated with what or that which.
Ce dont can be translated with what or that and is generally used before expressions that require the preposition de.
Quoi is used after prepositions and has no antecedent. It can also be translated with what or that.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
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I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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Dear future student,
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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WHAT I OFFER:
Online French as a second language (FSL) courses for all levels, preparation for official exams (DELF, DALF, TCF), correction of academic work, translations, preparation for job interviews or public speeches. I also teach Spanish, as I speak it fluently and know about teaching techniques.
MY METHODOLOGY:
I focus on the student, my priority. First I find out what they know, and what their objectives and motivations are. Next, we define together a way forward. Thus, my classes are customized, and based on every student’s needs.
I make sure the learning atmosphere is mellow and agreeable, but never forget that my aim is the student’s improvement. Enjoyment contributes to progress, but some discipline is also necessary. I am used to balancing these two needs.
WHO I AM:
Having taught FSL full-time for 15 years and obtained the DAEFLE (Diploma of Aptitude in Teaching French as a Foreign Language) from the Alliance Française Paris allows me to balance the two elements a good teacher needs: experience and theory. I have worked with people of all levels, from beginners to very advanced, and all ages, from 6 to 86 years old. I also have a great deal of experience in the DELF/DALF tests preparation, with over 90% of success.
I have known for a long time that teaching was my vocation. I like sharing knowledge with others, helping them improve, and feeling that at the end of the day they know more than before. Loving my job and feeling useful is what motivates me to get up every day with a smile.
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WHY I AM A GOOD TEACHER:
Extensive experience allows me to go fast with quick learners, and to be extremely patient with those who need more time. I have learnt that there isn’t just one way of teaching something, and that some people have a preference for auditory, visual or action-oriented learning. As a private teacher, my priority is to listen to my student in order to adapt my methods to their needs.
Not only do I teach languages, I also provide my students with tools for self-teaching and making progress between classes, allowing them to maximize their investment. I regularly research the latest teaching tools, the evolution of teaching methods, and the neuropsychological findings in that area. This is a surprisingly vast topic.
MY CREDENTIALS:
You will find on my LinkedIn page many letters of recommendation from my students.
https://www.linkedin.com/in/benoit-cassagnau-2b2179176/
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