French personal pronouns - je, tu, il
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Personal pronouns (French: les pronoms personnels) in general are used to
Besides that, they have to be classified as Subject pronouns, Stressed pronouns or Object pronouns.
Below you can find a well-structured chart to get a quick overview of all the different kinds of personal pronouns in the French language.
Person | Subject pronoun | Stressed pronoun | Object pronoun direct | Object pronoun indirect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | I | Je | Moi | Me/M' | Me/M' |
You | Tu | Toi | Te/T' | Te/T' | |
He/She | Il/Elle | Lui/Elle | Le/L' La/L' | Lui | |
Plural | We | Nous | Nous | Nous | Nous |
You | Vous | Vous | Vous | Vous | |
They | Ils/Elles | Eux/Elles | Les | Leur |
Subject pronouns aim to replace a subject noun. As you can see in the chart above the Subject pronouns in French are je, tu, il/elle, nous, vous and ils/elles.
Je changes to J' before a vowel or vowel sound.
Use tu for a familiar form of address and vous for a politer form of you or simply to address more people.
Use elles when you're talking about a group of females and ils when there's a group of males or mixed genders.
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J'habite à Strasbourg. (I live in Strasbourg.)
Tu es mon meilleur ami. (You are my best friend.)
Vous pouvez entrer. (You may come in.)
Stressed pronouns (also known as disjunctive or empathic pronouns) are being used instead of a noun to emphasize something, especially in reference to yourself or to other people. They are expressed as moi, toi, lui/elle, vous, nous, eux/elles (me, you, him/her, us, you, them).
Stressed pronouns are placed after: c'est, ce sont (it is), negations like ce n'est pas or ce ne sont pas and prepositions like avec, pour, sans, chez. Also they can be used in a comparison.
C'est pour moi? (Is this for me?)
Il est moins grand que toi. (He is smaller than you.)
Je travaille avec Sandro. Je travaille avec lui. (I work with Sandro. I work with him.)
The direct object pronoun aims to replace a noun and is the object of a sentence. You can ask for it with the questions what? or whom? The French direct objects are me, te, le/la, nous, vous and les.
Whereas in English direct objects always come after the verb, French does it differently and provides to place them in front of the verb (except in orders, instructions and the imperative form).
Don't forget that you have to adjust the pronouns to the gender and number of the noun you're going to replace.
Also keep in mind to use the contracted form (m', t', l') in front of a vowel or a vowel sound.
Je t'aime. (I love you.)
Tu la vois ce soir. (You are seeing her this evening.)
J'aime les fleurs. Je les aime. (I like flowers. I like them.)
Indirect object pronouns (French: Compléments d'objet indirect - COI) are used to replace a noun which refers to a person. You can ask for it with the questions who to/for or to/for what.
Also you can recognize these types of pronouns easily as they're mostly followed by a verb and a preposition. French indirect objects are me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur.
The indirect object pronoun usually comes before the verb. Only in instructions and orders the pronoun has to be placed after the verb.
Il nous écrit tous les jours. (He writes us every day.)
J'écris à Sandra. Je lui écris. (I'm writing to Sandra. I'm writing her.)
Il ne veut pas me répondre. (He won't answer me.)
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Kelly is always on time, patient and friendly. She answers all my questions about the French language and culture. She is a good teacher and I recommend her. Kelly is always on time, is patient, and friendly. She answers all my questions about the French language and culture. She's a great teacher and I recommend her.
Kelly P.Thanks Jo. I am also very happy to have you as a student.
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I have had about 10 lessons in French from Mélanie. We treated a lot of different subjects such as grammar, talking and listening exercises. Mélanie is a very good and patient teacher and I learned a lot in these lessons on how to communicate in French.
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I am a professional English tutor with online teaching experience. In my class, you won’t need to memorise long lists of vocabulary. Instead, we will discuss interesting topics and practice language that you want to learn. With my artistic background, I can create creative and fun lessons suited to the student's learning goals. I like using colorful PowerPoint slides, flashcards and videos to demonstrate my learning points.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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I’ve worked on my French with Natalia for several weeks now, and I’m enjoying it a lot. I speak a lot during the lessons, which is exactly what I need at the moment. There is always a good balance of working on grammar and practising conversation. I’m looking forward to continue my lessons over the next few months :)
Natalia L.Eline already speaks and writes very good and we are working towards achieving an advanced level of French. We always have many topics of conversations and I see how she always improves fer French.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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Natalia is a great teacher. She uses a variety of teaching methods and always considers my wishes and learning goals. The atmosphere is very pleasant, we speak a lot about random topics but also about situations from my work, which really helps to improve my conversation skills.
Natalia L.We work with Janeke on improving her skills using situations from her work environment. Also, we discuss different topics, using a variety of materials. I have seen her French improve very quickly. Congratulations Janeke!
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