Endings of regular and irregular French adjectives
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Every adjective has to agree in number and gender with the noun it modifies. To make an adjective agree with the noun or pronoun it describes, you simply add the following endings in most cases:
with masculine noun | with feminine noun | |
---|---|---|
Singular | un chat noir | une chemise noire |
Plural | des chats noirs | des chemises noires |
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With most adjectives you add an -e to the masculine singular form to make it feminine.
un sac lourd (a heavy bag) → une valise lourde (a heavy suitcase)
If the adjective already ends in an -e in the masculine form, you do not add another -e.
un sac jaune (a yellow bag) → une chemise jaune (a yellow shirt)
Masculine ending | Feminine ending | Example | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
-f | -ve | neuf → neuve | new |
-x | -se | heureux → heureuse | happy |
-er | -ère | cher → chère | dear, expensive |
-an -en -on | -anne -enne -onne | paysan → paysanne européen → européenne bon → bonne | farming, country European good, right |
-el | -elle | cruel → cruelle | cruel |
-eil | -eille | pareil → pareille | similar |
-et | -ette -ète | net → nette complet → complète | clear complete, full |
Please note that if a masculine adjective ends in a vowel its pronunciation does not change when an -e is added to form the feminine.
Some very common adjectives are completely irregular in the feminine form:
Masculine | Feminine | Meaning |
---|---|---|
aigu | aiguë | sharp |
ambigu | ambiguë | ambiguous |
bénin | bénigne | benign |
long | longue | long |
favori | favorite | favorite |
malin | maligne | sly |
frais | fraîche | fresh |
The adjectives beau, nouveau, vieux, fou and mou have three unique forms. They have a special masculine singular form before words beginning with a vowel or silent h.
Masculine before a consonant | Masculine before a vowel | Feminine | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
beau | bel | belle | beautiful |
nouveau | nouvel | nouvelle | new |
vieux | vieil | vieille | old |
fou | fol | folle | crazy |
mou | mol | molle | soft |
With most adjectives you add an -s to the masculine singular or feminine singular form to form the plural.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | Le garçon est grand. | La fille est petite. |
Plural | Les garçons sont grands. | Les filles sont petites. |
When an adjective describes a masculine and a feminine noun or pronoun, use the masculine plural form of the adjective.
Adjectives ending in -s or -x are the same in the masculine singular and plural forms. The feminine plural stays regular.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | un garçon heureux | une pièce merveilleuse |
Plural | des garçons heureux | des pièces merveilleuses |
Adjectives ending in -eu or -eau add -x to build the masculine form of the plural. The feminine plural stays regular.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | le nouveau professeur | la belle peinture |
Plural | les nouveaux professeurs | les belles peintures |
Please note that there is an exception when it comes to the word bleu. In the plural it's transformed to bleus.
Adjectives ending in -al change to -aux to form the masculine plural. The feminine plural stays regular.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | L'ami est loyal. | La loi est légale. |
Plural | Les amis sont loyaux. | Les lois sont légales. |
Please note that there are exceptions when it comes to the words banal, fatal, final, natal and naval. You have to add an -s to form the plural form of these words.
A small number of adjectives (mostly relating to colours) do not change in the feminine or plural. They are called invariable adjectives because their form NEVER changes, no matter what they are describing.
These adjectives are often made up of more than one word - for example, bleu marine (navy blue), or come from the names of fruit or nuts.
Invariable color adjectives | Meaning |
---|---|
marron | brown |
orange | orange |
bleu foncé | dark blue |
argent | silver |
marine | navy blue |
or | gold |
turquoise | turquoise |
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Level: intermediate (B1)
Also, standard French lessons
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Hello,
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Join a small group of learners of 2 or 3 for conversation lessons with me. An article or video to watch before the lesson and a conversation with personalized corrections during the lesson. This option saves you at least 10 euros per lesson on Colanguage.
Group opening:
Monday and/or Wednesday from 17:30 to 18:30 (French time).
Level: intermediate (B1)
Also, standard French lessons
- level A2 (low intermediate)
- 2 hours a week
- ask for schedule
Don’t know your level? Ask for a free level test.
I give Skype lessons to people who need or want to improve their French language. I like to use material from the internet (videos, article etc.) to introduce a theme which leads to a lesson and a conversation.
I like to create engaging learning with my students. I will give as homework a document to watch or to read with comprehension exercises so the time we have on skype is only speaking practice and explanation if needed.
I can help you prepare DELF-DALF Exams or work on specific needs (as professional French).
Really like to speak about all the subjects with the student especially those the student like so it gives the motivation to speak in the foreign language.
The free first lesson is organize to know your tastes, your level and your needs so we can plan the next lessons about the objectives you fixed.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
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I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
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À bientôt!
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