Tenses and moods in French
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In French, seven verbal moods are used:
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The indicative has eight tenses: four simple tenses and four compound tenses that conjugate with the auxiliaries avoir or être.
Simple tenses | Compound tenses |
---|---|
present (le présent) | past completed (le passé composé) |
imperfect (l'imparfait) | pluperfect (le plus-que-parfait) |
litterary past tense (le passé simple) | past anterior (le passé antérieur) |
future simple (le futur simple) | future perfect (le futur antérieur) |
You use a verb in the present tense (French: le présent) to talk about a fact or an action that takes place as we speak. But you can also use it to tell a past "as if we were there" or to express a scientific truth or a usual fact.
The endings of the present tense are :
The 3rd group verbs have three different endings:
Examples:
Examples | Translation | |
---|---|---|
1st group | nous aimons préparer des tartes | (we love to prepare pies) |
2nd group | ton amie grandit vite | (your friend is growing fast) |
3rd group | je lis ce livre de Victor Hugo Rafael prends le chocolat tu vaux plus que ça | (I am reading this Victor Hugo's Book) (Rafael is taking chocolate) (you worth more than this) |
The imperfect (French: l'imparfait) does not exist in English as it expresses a fact or an action that has already taken place at the moment we are speaking but which can still unfold. The imperfect is often used to describe a scene, a landscape.
The endings of the imperfect are :
Examples:
Imperfect | Translation |
---|---|
Je faisais une tarte pour ce soir | (I was making a pie for tonight) |
On pouvait voir le soleil se coucher | (We could see the sun going down) |
Tu étais timide quand tu étais enfant | (You were so shy when you were a child) |
The literary past tense (French: le passé simple) is utilized in rather literary contexts. It's mainly expresses a completed action of the past, most often a brief action.
The endings of the literary past tense are:
The 3rg group verbs have three different endings:
Examples:
Examples | Translation | |
---|---|---|
1st group | nous passâmes pour des inconnus | (we were unknow) |
2nd group | ils finirent leurs devoirs avant de partir | (they had finished their homework before leaving) |
3rd group | je vins très tôt ce jour-là tu vis son grand-père nous crurent à ses paroles | (I had came very early that day) (you had seen his grand father) (we had believed him) |
The future simple (French: le futur simple) expresses a fact or an action that will take place later, it has not yet taken place at the moment we speak.
The endings of the future simple are:
Examples:
Future simple | Translation |
---|---|
Nous partirons en Espagne, la semaine prochaine | (We will go to Spain, next week) |
Je serai très prochainement le nouveau président | (I will soon become the new president) |
Ils achèteront une nouvelle télévision | (They will buy a new television) |
The past completed (French: le passé composé) as the name suggests, is a time of the past. It therefore expresses an action or fact that has already taken place at the time we express ourselves.
It is a compound time and is formed with the auxiliary être or avoir conjugated in the present tense + the past participle.
Examples:
Past completed | Translations |
---|---|
Nous sommes allés chez ta grand-mère | (We went to your grand-mother's) |
Tu as fait une grande découverte au travail | (You discovered something big at work) |
Ils ont mangé une paella lors de le voyage en Espagne. | (They ate a paella during their trip in Spain) |
The pluperfect (French: le plus-que-parfait) allows to express the anteriority of an action compared to a past action. It can be used with another time of the past either the completed past or literary past tense.
It is also a compound time and is formed with the auxiliary être or avoir conjugated in the imperfect tense + the past participle.
Examples:
Pluperfect | Translations |
---|---|
J'étais allée voir si ma mère étais là | (I had went to see if my mother was here) |
Ils m'avaient raconté leur voyage à Bali | (they had told me their trip in Bali) |
Ce jour-là, nous étions tellement fatigués | (that day, we were so tired) |
The past anterior (French: le passé antérieur) expresses the anteriority of an action and is used most often with the literary past tense.
It is a compound time and is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être conjugated in the literary past tense + the past participle.
Examples:
Past anterior | Translations |
---|---|
Tu eus fait une belle tarte lorsqu'ils arrivèrent | (you had done a good pie when they has arrived) |
Nous fûmes été récompensés pour ce projet lors de la soirée | (we had been awarded for this project at the award show) |
Nous eûmes parlé du réchauffement quand ils vinrent | (we had talked about the global warming when they has arrived) |
The future perfect (French: le futur antérieur) is a time of the future. iI can be used all alone in a sentence or with the future simple.
When used alone, it expresses a fact or an action that will be completed at that moment.
Examples:
Future + complement | Translations |
---|---|
Dans deux ans, nous serons partis en France. | (in two years, we will have left for France) |
Nous aurons vécu en Italie | (we will have lived in Italy) |
Ils seront déjà allés voir la nouvelle maison | (they will have already went to see the new house) |
When used with the future simple, it expresses an action that will take place before a second action.
Examples:
Future + future simple | Translations |
---|---|
Quand tu finiras, j'aurais déja préparé le repas | (when you will finish, I will have already prepared lunch) |
Tu fermeras la porte, quand tes parents seront partis | (you will close the door when your parents will have left) |
Je serai fan de lui, quand il aura fait de bonnes chansons | (I will become an amateur when he will have done good music) |
The conditional (French: le conditionnel) is a mood that is used to express a wish, hypothesis or a fact or an action subject to a condition. In the French grammar, you must know that you will find it more and more identified as a tense of the indicative.
It is considered that the conditional has also a time value with two tenses: the present conditional and the past conditional.
Examples:
Conditional | Translations |
---|---|
Tu aimerais aller voir ta grand-mère | (you would like to go see your grand-mother) |
Nous ferions faire cette barrière pour le chien. | (We would make someone make the fence for the dog) |
Nous voudrions parler au directeur | (we would like to talk to the CEO) |
The present conditional (French: le conditionnel présent) is a tense of a future in the past. You can use it to mitigate a request.
It is formed with the verb conjugated in the future tense that we complete with the endings of the imperfect:
Examples:
Present conditional | Translations |
---|---|
je préférerais une glace à la vanille | (I would prefer a vanilla ice cream) |
nous voudrions un dessert à la fraise. | (we would like a strawberry dessert) |
ils parleraient de politique | (they would talk about politics) |
The past conditional (French: le conditionnel passé) can be used to express a regret or a reproach.
It is a compound and is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être conjugated in the conditional present + the past participle
Examples:
Past conditional | Translations |
---|---|
Tu aurais pu nous dire que tu ne viendras pas | (you could have told us that you won't come) |
Il aurait aimé devenir pilote d'avion | (you would have liked to become an airplane pilot) |
Nous aurions voulu faire une surprise a Léa | (we would have wanted to make a surprise for Lea) |
The subjunctive is a mood used to express a doubt, a desired fact, an uncertain action that has not been realized at the moment we express ourselves with verbs expressing envy, desire, emotion, obligation, doubt or uncertainty.
The subjunctive has 4 tenses: the subjunctive present and past and the subjunctive imperfect and pluperfect which are not used orally.
In order to conjugate the verbs in the subjunctive, you use que (qu') before the verb.
The present subjunctive (French: le subjonctif présent) expresses an uncertain action, not realized at the moment of speaking.
The endings of the present subjunctive are:
Examples:
Present subjunctive | Translations |
---|---|
Je veux qu'il essaie ce nouveau dispositif. | (you need to try this new device) |
J'aimerais qu'il aille faire sa carte d'identité. | (I would like him to go do his ID card) |
Il est possible qu'il finisse à 14h | (he may finish at 2pm) |
The past subjunctive (French: le subjonctif passé) expresses an uncertain action, supposedly realized at the moment when we express ourselves.
It is a compound and is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être conjuguated in the present subjunctive + the past participle
Examples:
Past subjunctive | Translations |
---|---|
Je pense qu'il ait été courageux. | (I think that he was courageous) |
Nous ne croyons pas qu'ils soient partis à la plage sans nous | (we don't think that they went to the beach without us) |
C'est important de voir que tu aies fait ce projet | (It is important that you made this project) |
The imperfect subjunctive (French: le subjoncif imparfait) is especially used in literature. It is a simple tense that expresses an uncertain action, not realized at the moment when the speaker spoke.
It has its own endings:
Examples
Examples | Translation | |
---|---|---|
1st group verb | il fallait que nous aimassions ce nouveau chat | (we had to love this new cat) |
2nd group verb | il était important que vous choisissiez cette matière | (you had to choose this subject) |
3rd group verb | je voyais qu'ils prissent le jus de mangue nous croyons qu'elle couût toute la journée | (I saw that they took the mango juice) (we believed that she ran all day long) |
The pluperfect subjunctive (French: le subjonctif plus-que-parfait) is used in literature. It expresses an uncertain action, supposedly realized at the moment when the speaker spoke.
It is a compound and is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être conjugated in the imperfect subjunctive + the past participle.
Examples:
Pluperfect subjunctive | Translations |
---|---|
Je croyais que nous eussions vu cette lumière au loin | (I thought that we saw this light from far) |
Vous ne pensiez pas qu'il fût venu à votre barbecue | (you didn't think that he came to your barbecue) |
Tu imaginais que nous fussions partis en Australie | (you imagined that we went to Australia) |
The imperative is a mood used to express an order, an advice, a prayer or a recommendation to be realized in the near or distant future.
The imperative is conjuguated in only 3 persons: 2nd singular pronoun, 1st and 2nd plural pronouns.
It has 2 tenses: the present imperative and the past imperative.
The present imperative (French: l'impératif présent) is used to state an order or prohibition.
Its conjugation is very close to conjugated forms of the present tense but there is no "s" at the end of 2nd singular pronoun for the 1st group verbs.
Examples:
Present imperative | Translations |
---|---|
Mange ta glace ! | (eat your ice cream !) |
Préparez cette table ! | (prepare this table !) |
Faisons une surprise à maman ! | (let's make a surprise for mom !) |
The past imperative (French: l'impératif passé) is not really used but it allows to express the anteriority of an ordered action compared to an action which is not yet realized.
It is a compound time and is formed with the auxiliary avoir or être conjugated in the present imperative + the past participle.
Examples:
Past imperative | Translations |
---|---|
Ayez fait vos devoirs avant mon retour ! | (do your homework before I return !) |
Soyons partis à la plage avant ce soir ! | (let's be gone before tonight !) |
Sois venu me voir avant que je ferme ! | (be here before I close !) |
The infinitive (French: l'infinitif) is the form of the verbs that has no mark of person, number, or tense. You recognize the infinitive at its endings:
The participle (French: le participe) indicated how an action is performed in relation to another.
It exists in a simple form: the present participle and a compound form: the past participle.
The present participle (French: le participe présent) is used as an invariable adverb unless it is used as an adjective, then it agrees in gender and number with the subject.
Examples:
Present participle | Translations |
---|---|
Ce jeune homme bienveillant. | (this young benevolent man) |
Elle allait à l'école tout en chantant. | (she was going to school singing) |
Cette fille charmante m'a parlé de son père. | (This lovely girl talked to me about his father) |
The past participle (French: le participe passé) is used with the auxiliary être or avoir in the conjugation of the compound times, most often to express a past action.
The basic ending is the masculine singular but with the auxiliary être it can have 4 possible endings.
endings | 1st group verbs | 2nd group verbs |
---|---|---|
masculine singular | -é | -i |
masculine plural | -és | -is |
feminine singular | -ée | -ie |
feminine plural | -ées | -ies |
The 3rd group verbs have three different endings for the past participle
Endings | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
---|---|---|---|
masculine singular | -s | - | -us |
masculine plural | -s | -s | -us |
feminine singular | -se | -e | -ute |
feminine plural | -ses | -es | -utes |
Examples:
The gerund (French: le gérondif) is used as an adverb and has 2 tenses: the present and past gerund.
The present gerund (French: le gérondif présent) is invariable. It indicates a simultaneity between two actions whose subject are the same.
It is often introduced by the preposition "en".
Examples:
Present gerund | Translations |
---|---|
Tu parles en t'énervant. | (you speak while getting angry) |
Tes parents se disputent en mangeant | (your parents are fighting while eating) |
Nous marchons en parlant. | (we are walking while talking) |
The past gerund (French: le gérondif passé) expresses anteriority. It is a compound time, therefore you use the present participle of the auxiliaries être or avoir + the past participle.
Examples:
Past gerund | Translations |
---|---|
Étant arrivés, nous avons préparé le repas avant qu'ils ne viennent | (by being here, we prepared the lunch before they arrive) |
Ayant vendu notre voiture, nous ne pourrons pas venir. | (by selling our car, we cannot come) |
Ayant fait une belle tarte, je crois que tu vas aimer | (by making a good pie, i think you are going to like it) |
Click in the following to learn the conjugation of the auxiliaries avoir and être.
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Native speaker from Paris with about 15 years of teaching experience. I’m well-travelled, and I’ve lived and worked in different parts of the world (Europe, Latin America, North America, Africa, Australia and a little bit in Asia).
I have a postgraduate degree (France) in Languages, Literature and Cultural Studies and I’m currently a freelance translator. I’ve previously worked at universities in France and abroad (South Africa/Australia) and have a solid experience in teaching (French Language, Literature, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, Creative Writing, etc.), designing courses, evaluating and guiding students, preparing students for exams/job interviews/professional presentations, managing a Language and Literature department at the university, presenting papers at academic conferences worldwide, publishing, translating and journalism. Over the years, I’ve had the opportunity to teach people with different profiles and from various backgrounds: international professionals, university students, beginner translators and teachers, high school students, retirees, travellers, francophiles, children (help with homework), etc.
Being an open-minded, flexible and patient teacher, I enjoy helping others to discover their potential and to explore it. Adapting myself to my students' needs, pace and objectives is essential for me, and designing the best way to work with each student is very stimulating and rewarding.
After the initial introductory lesson, I will design customised lesson plans that will evolve as you progress. We can also, at any time during the programme, change our working method if you wish to do so. I remain very flexible in that regard.
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It is a great experience to be a student of Priscilla. She is a very caring teacher, her lessons are engaging and she is a good communicator, very patient and encouraging.
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Hi, guys! My name is Lucia and I would like to invite you to learn Italian with me.
I am both a native speaker and a QUALIFIED teacher, as I hold a post-graduate degree in “Teaching Italian as a second language” and a national certification as teacher of Italian to not-native speaking.
My teaching method is COMMUNICATION-oriented and involves also the study of Italian culture and grammar. Indeed, as it happens in your mother language, the knowledge of spare words is not enough to get able to speak (i.e. INTERACT!) properly and conveniently.
I’ll prepare for you all teaching materials, tailoring lessons to your needs and interests, taking advantage from both the huge number of textbooks I hold and my creativity!
I offer lessons for all levels, from absolute beginners to advanced, as well as support in preparation to certification exams (I am also qualified ad examiner for the oral part of CELI).
Do not hesitate to get in contact with me to find a suitable time-slot for your trial lesson!
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Having online lessons with a teacher really helped me to keep up my study pace, and provided me with the essential opportunity to practice speaking (and 'real time' sentence building) to someone, who can also correct me on my pronunciation. On top of that, being a native speaker and current resident in Italy, Lucia also helped me to understand the cultural influences and tricks and habits of the Italian language. I liked that she could recommend a study book and also provided online excercises and assessments from the book, which she could revise as my homework. This provided both me and her with more possibility for feedback during the lessons. Lucia did not speak my native language (Dutch), but this was not a hindrance as we could communicate in English and quite quickly shift to mostly Italian instructions anyway :) The study pace was quite slow in my opinion (i.e. a quarter book lesson per online lesson), as Lucia used this time to make sure the basis was strong, before moving forward perhaps too soon. However, especially for some wider range in 'holiday-sentences' or general vocabulary it was good for me to have some additional excercises/podcasts on the side (or to move forward in the book on your own), to help me learn faster. However, especially with listening to podcasts it was really really good to have the solid (also grammar- and spellingwise) basis of the lessons with Lucia, as additional materials would otherwise never land on 'fertile ground'. The lessons are essential in moving forward with the language. Lucia herself is super nice, patient and open for questions or any input during the lessons, and her cheerfulness makes the studying all the more fun.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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After one lesson, I knew that Natalia would be a great fit for me. She made the conversation fun and stimulating. Natalia was very patient with me. Yet, she also encouraged me to speak french in a way that I had not spoken before. By the end of the lesson, my french stream of conscious was more fluid than it had ever been. I know that each lesson will be the highlight of my week.
Natalia L.Sarah is an excellent student, she is so motivated! She is learning French very fast and each class I see how she is able to speak and understand so much more. I am sure she will be speaking fluently soon!
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Beatrice is specialized in teaching Italian for all levels. She has language certificates from DITALS for Italian and CELTA for English. Other than her knowledge of the Italian language, she can also speak English, and Spanish. Her multilingual skills allow her to offer the students a chance for better communication during her classes. Beatrice’s teaching method depends on what fits your level. In her, you will find a well-prepared, expert, and friendly teacher. She relies on several books for teaching the Italian languagen, like: Dieci, Nuovo Contatto, Domani, Progetto Italiano, and Nuovo Magari. With Beatrice, you'll learn faster than you can imagine!
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1 - If you are looking for a well-structured French program to take you from a beginner level to advanced level to be able to travel to France, i have developed with success my own program which includes 70 worksheets from basic to advance level.
2 - If you are thinking taking any DELF exam, I can help you as I have experience in this field (3 years with Ensemble en Francais - online school).
3 - If you are a VCE French student, I definitively will be able to boost your skills to do well at the exam due to my experience as VCE French teacher and also as a VCE assessor.
4 - Finally I have also an extensive experience in teaching French at the primary and middle school level
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Francois is teaching our daughter in French at the moment. She is a total beginner and they started from scratch. Both work for one hour daily and agree on homework which is being checked in the next lesson. The lesson via Skype is working well with the exchange of material Skype as well. We can definitely see progress.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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Natalia will be really interested in you as a person, what your goals are, and motivation for you to learn the language. I liked how she was answering all my questions, were patient and positive on our lesson.
Natalia L.Toma, your interest for the language and having learned other languages before will be very helpful for you, continue with your motivation for learning French!
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Lidia is an experienced and professional teacher for Italian. With her nicely self-designed teaching material, she covers all the linguistic competencies such as reading, writing, listening and speaking. Also, she includes modern teaching techniques such as games and proposes interesting movies to watch.
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I want to help people to improve the level of their chosen language.
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I couldn't imagine a better teacher than Nancy! Together with Nancy you find the right method for you to improve your French in a fun and personal way. I would recommend her to everyone!
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Mathieu is a very knowledgeable teacher and has a very good teaching method, recommended for both teenagers and adults. Highly recommended for beginners and those who already have a basic knowledge of French. He uses university textbooks, which are very specific and well written. He customizes the lessons according to the student, he is young but expert at the same time. In addition, he speaks very good Italian. Highly recommended.
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Bonjour! Veux-tu apprendre français? ou l'améliorer?
My classes are structured according to my students' needs, I use different teaching methods and I rely on listening each of my students' expectations and goals. Dynamism and constant learning are my purposes in my classes.
I have worked as a French teacher for more than ten years.
I have academic studies in English and French from Montréal, Canada, where I lived for several years. I have a Bachelor in Teaching French as a foreign language from the Université de Bourgogne.
I learned French at an early age in immersion in a French-speaking region and I studied French formally for 11 years, obtaining a native level.
À bientôt!
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Natalia is a great teacher. She uses a variety of teaching methods and always considers my wishes and learning goals. The atmosphere is very pleasant, we speak a lot about random topics but also about situations from my work, which really helps to improve my conversation skills.
Natalia L.We work with Janeke on improving her skills using situations from her work environment. Also, we discuss different topics, using a variety of materials. I have seen her French improve very quickly. Congratulations Janeke!
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Training is my passion. I like interacting with people. I am passionate about reading, watching movies, and music. I love to explore new places and have keen interest in arts and literature.I love meeting new people because every person is a whole new world you can learn from. I am also a keen reader and an enthusiastic traveller.
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She is kind. She listen to me and tries to adapt the course to my expectations. She has all the books to prepare The DELF and DALF Exam which she offers for free to the student.
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Hello,
My name is Tiska. I am a French Teacher with experiences with adults and teenagers in Public Education (USA) and Language Schools. I am holding a Master Degree in FLE (Teaching French as a Foreign Language).
Join a small group of learners of 2 or 3 for conversation lessons with me. An article or video to watch before the lesson and a conversation with personalized corrections during the lesson. This option saves you at least 10 euros per lesson on Colanguage.
Group opening:
Monday and/or Wednesday from 17:30 to 18:30 (French time).
Level: intermediate (B1)
Also, standard French lessons
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Don’t know your level? Ask for a free level test.
I give Skype lessons to people who need or want to improve their French language. I like to use material from the internet (videos, article etc.) to introduce a theme which leads to a lesson and a conversation.
I like to create engaging learning with my students. I will give as homework a document to watch or to read with comprehension exercises so the time we have on skype is only speaking practice and explanation if needed.
I can help you prepare DELF-DALF Exams or work on specific needs (as professional French).
Really like to speak about all the subjects with the student especially those the student like so it gives the motivation to speak in the foreign language.
The free first lesson is organize to know your tastes, your level and your needs so we can plan the next lessons about the objectives you fixed.
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Tiska has patience and is a very friendly and nice teacher. She always has a structure for each lesson and certainly accommodates when there is something specific I’d like to focus on. I definitely recommend her.
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Hi! My name is Caterina and I'm a teacher.
I love learning new languages and meet new students.
I have experience in teaching Italian to foreign students and I also have the CEDILS certificate to teach Italian as second/foreign language.
During my classes I speak just Italian and I help you improve in all the abilities (listening, reading, speaking, writing).
I am also available for classes in specific fields, such as Literature, Italian History, Art, Linguistics, Academic writing and getting ready for Italian exams.
I prepare my classes using authentic materials (articles, videos, songs...) and exercises to improve grammar. Most of all, I let you talk to become confident in your speaking.
All the classes are personalized according to students' needs and requests.
I want you to achieve your goals.
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Very talented teacher, excellent preparation, young but at the same time experienced, with an excellent teaching method and a contagious smile. With her, you will learn Italian without getting bored for a second and without any problem. Absolutely recommended.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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Hello there. I am Ivan and I teach German, French and English online with great success for over 7 years. My teaching technics suit to all kind of interests and goals: personal as well as professional.
I have studied, worked and lived in the French and in the German part of Switzerland, supporting customers from different ages and countries around the world. I am currently working for two online-schools (in the UK and in China).
Additionally, teaching is my passion which makes me not only a passionated and hard-working teacher but also a flexible, dynamic and compassionate person.
Please contact me for more information and a first meeting free of charge.
Looking forward to meet you soon.
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Ivan is an excellent teacher. He adapts lessons to your needs and wishes and makes learning with him fun and enjoyable by finding material which interests you or that you might find interesting even if you didn’t know it yourself before! I have had 25 lessons with him now and my progress has been much quicker than any method, or course I have taken before. I can’t rate him highly enough! He is very punctual and is very quick to respond if I have any questions. Thank you Ivan!
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1 Indicative in French | Get an overview of the indicative mood in French and learn the topic online |
2 Subjunctive in French (le Subjonctif) | Get an overview of the subjunctive in French and study the topic online |
3 Conditional in French (le conditionnel) | Get an overview of the conditional tense in French and study the topic online |
4 Imperative in French | The formation, use, examples of imperative mood in French with free grammar and exercises. |
5 Infinitive in French | Get an overview about the infinitive in French and study the topic online. |
6 Gerund in French | Formation , use , examples of gerund in French with free exercises. |
7 Present participle in French | Formation, use and examples of the present participle in French with free exercises. |
8 Past participle in French | Formation , use , examples of the past participle in French with free exercises. |