German pronunciation
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The basis of the German pronunciation is of course the German alphabet, which has a few letters more than the English one (ß, ä, ö, ü) and in which some letters are pronounced differently (w, v). This chapter introduces to you the most important rules for pronouncing German correctly
Double vowels are, like the name suggests, two vowels that come up together in a word. Some of these have special rules. For example "ei" sounds just like "ai", so like the English "I".
Additionally, the combination of "eu" sounds exactly the same as "äu". Like "Eule" (owl) and "Häuser" (houses). So when to use which? For that you just have to look at the word-stem. "Häuser" is the plural for "Haus" (house), in German the "a" always transforms to "ä" in plural, that's why you use "äu" in this case, instead of "eu"!
Here you have a table of the German double vowels, you can also listen to them to make sure you understand the pronunciation!
Double vowel | Pronunciation | Example |
---|---|---|
au | like "ow" in "owl" | Auge (eye) |
äu | like "oi" in "boiling" | Häuser (houses) |
eu | same as "äu" | Eule (owl) |
ei | like "I" in English | Eisen (iron) |
ai | same as "ei" | Mai (may) |
ie | a stretched "i" sound, like "ee" in "bee" | Fliege (the fly) |
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The letter ß, also called "Eszett" (s + z) or "scharfes S" (sharp S), is a letter that today only exists in the German language. Its pronunciation is exactly the same as the "s" in "see".
So when is the double consonant "ss" and when is the sharp-S "ß" used? These are the rules for their uses:
SS | ß | ß |
---|---|---|
follows vowels, that are pronounced shortly | follows vowels that are pronounced longer | also follows double-vowels |
Fass (barrel), Fluss (river), Stress (stress), Pass (pass), Kuss (kiss) | Floß (float), Maß (the measure), Spaß (fun), Fuß (foot), Schoß (lap), Straße (street) | draußen (outside), weiß (white), reißen (to rip), scheußlich (horrible) |
The German 'ch' poses often times a problem for German beginners, since there is no real equivalent in the English language. Also the pronunciation changes slightly, depending on which vowel proceeds it.
So for example in the word "Ich" (German for "I"), the pronunciation is soft, it can be compared t the 'h' in huge, or a variation of the English 'sh' sound (in fact, in some regions of Germany they actually pronounce it like 'sh').
On the other hand, if for example an 'a' proceeds the 'ch', like in the word "Bach" (brook), the pronunciation becomes much harsher. In this case you pronounce it in the back of your mouth
The German 'sch' sound is equivalent to the English 'sh' sound.
ch | after "a,o,u,au" | harsher sound, pronounced at the back of your mouth | Bach (brook) |
---|---|---|---|
ch | after "e,i,eu,ei,ä,ö,ü,äu,ai", or consonant | similar to "h" in "huge", variation of 'sh' | Fichte (spruce) |
sch | always the same | like the English 'sh' | Schachtel (case) |
The pronunciation of 'st' and 'sp' is handled as if it was 'sch + t/', so it's a combination of 'sh' and t/p. This is always the case, if those two consonants stand in the beginning of the word. However, does this combination occur in the middle or end of the word, it is pronounced simply as 's + t/p' (so for example like the 'st' in "street).
'St/Sp' as 'Sht/Sht' | Normal pronounciaton of 'St/Sp' |
---|---|
Straße (street) | Gast (guest) |
Stein (stone) | Liste (list) |
Spiel (game) | Samstag (saturday) |
The three letters 'J', 'V' and 'W' are pronounced a little differently in German than in English.
Pronunciation of J | Pronunciation of V | Pronunciation of W |
---|---|---|
like the English 'Y', as in "yes" | always pronounced like 'F' | always pronounced like the English 'V', as in "video" |
example: jung (young) | example: Vogel (bird) | example: Wein (wine) |
The "Umlaute" (or "altered sound") are letters in the German language, that are marked by the two dots on top of them. Their pronunciation is somewhat similar to their origin vowels (A, O, U), yet you need to learn their pronunciation separately. Being able to pronounce these words is very important, since their are used very frequently, for example of the plural: Haus - Häuser (house - houses).
This table provides you with an explanation of how to pronounce the altered sounds and gives you also examples to listen to:
Ä | pronounced similar to the 'a' in apple or 'ai' in "air" | Ärmel (sleeve) Äpfel (apples) |
---|---|---|
Ö | pronounced similar to the 'i' in "girl" | König (king) Öfter (more often) |
Ü | no English equivalent | Übung (exercise) Müde (tired) |
If you don't know how to write these letters, it is also common In German to express the "Umlaute" like this: ae = ä ; oe = ö ; ue = ü
The stretching-h indicates that a vowel in a word needs to be pronounced longer. It usually occurs in the middle of the word. However there are a few exceptions. Here is a good way to remember when to use the stretching-h and when not to.
Stretching-h | No Stretching-h |
---|---|
Before the consonants l, m, n, r | Words that begin with q, sch, sp or t |
Examples: das Mehl (the flour), die Wahl (the election), die Bahn (the track), die Bühne (the stage) | Examples: die Schule (the school), sparen (to save), quälen (to torture), der Ton (the tone) |
Normally there is no stretching-h following au, äu, ai, eu and ei. Except for these exceptions: verzeihen (to forgive), Weihnachten (christmas)
Now that you know the most important rules for the German translation, practice your knowledge with the following free exercises!
Gestern habe ich auf der _____ eine Frau getroffen. (Yesterday I met a woman on the street)
Straße
Strasse
Das Kind spielt _____. (The kid is playing outside)
draußen
draussen
Heute ist es sehr _____. (Today it is very hot)
heiß
heiss
Ich _____ gerne Bücher. (I like to read books)
leße
lese
Die Wiese ist noch _____. (The field is still wet)
naß
nass
Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist _____. (My favorite colour is white)
weis
weiß
Wir hatten viel _____. (We had lots of fun)
Spaß
Spass
Wir bauen ein _____ zusammen. (We built a float together)
Flos
Floß
_____ deine Schwester von mir. (Greet your sister for me)
Grüsse
Grüße
Ich bin genauso _____ wie du. (I'm just as tall as you)
gross
groß
Gestern habe ich auf der _____ eine Frau getroffen. (Yesterday I met a woman on the street)
Straße
Das Kind spielt _____. (The kid is playing outside)
draußen
Heute ist es sehr _____. (Today it is very hot)
heiß
Ich _____ gerne Bücher. (I like to read books)
lese
Die Wiese ist noch _____. (The field is still wet)
nass
Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist _____. (My favorite colour is white)
weiß
Wir hatten viel _____. (We had lots of fun)
Spaß
Wir bauen ein _____ zusammen. (We built a float together)
Floß
_____ deine Schwester von mir. (Greet your sister for me)
Grüße
Ich bin genauso _____ wie du. (I'm just as tall as you)
groß
Gestern habe ich auf der _____ eine Frau getroffen. (Yesterday I met a woman on the street)
Strasse
Straße
Das Kind spielt _____. (The kid is playing outside)
draußen
draussen
Heute ist es sehr _____. (Today it is very hot)
heiss
heiß
Ich _____ gerne Bücher. (I like to read books)
lese
leße
Die Wiese ist noch _____. (The field is still wet)
naß
nass
Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist _____. (My favorite colour is white)
weiß
weis
Wir hatten viel _____. (We had lots of fun)
Spaß
Spass
Wir bauen ein _____ zusammen. (We built a float together)
Floß
Flos
_____ deine Schwester von mir. (Greet your sister for me)
Grüße
Grüsse
Ich bin genauso _____ wie du. (I'm just as tall as you)
gross
groß
Gestern habe ich auf der _____ eine Frau getroffen. (Yesterday I met a woman on the street)
Straße
Das Kind spielt _____. (The kid is playing outside)
draußen
Heute ist es sehr _____. (Today it is very hot)
heiß
Ich _____ gerne Bücher. (I like to read books)
lese
Die Wiese ist noch _____. (The field is still wet)
nass
Meine Lieblingsfarbe ist _____. (My favorite colour is white)
weiß
Wir hatten viel _____. (We had lots of fun)
Spaß
Wir bauen ein _____ zusammen. (We built a float together)
Floß
_____ deine Schwester von mir. (Greet your sister for me)
Grüße
Ich bin genauso _____ wie du. (I'm just as tall as you)
groß
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My name is Krisztina! I’m a teacher of German and French with the corresponding qualifications. I've grown up in a bilingual family (Hungarian-German), so I speak both languages as a native language. I’ve been teaching for six years, so I’m able to estimate your needs, and to meet them. In my lessons, I recreat real life situations, so that you will be able to adapt yourselves to different circumstances. I’m a patient, positive and creative person, who is looking forward to see you in her lessons. So don’t hesitate to book a lesson with me.
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Krisztina is extremely patient and is an excellent teacher. She gives great learning materials and the lessons are productive. Krisztina keeps the lessons focused and makes sure that you get the most out of the hour. I definitely recommend her.
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Hi, I'm Irish, have been living Milan for 30 years. I have a strong business background in sales and marketing. I have lived in USA, UK and done business in Far East. I teach private students and in global corporates and universities. If you're looking to improve your English quickly I have developed my interactive communication method. A great lesson is based on understanding your needs, planning, content, your involvement, feedback, correction, repetition. My experience in theatre helps me to organise, conduct role plays, followed by constructive feedback. I prepare students for EU exams. Qualities; ability to listen, empathy, patience, motivating, energetic, open to feedback, positive outlook, value sharing, abilty to focus on long and short term objectives, relationship building. Look forward to 'partnering' with you.
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Emer is a very professional and experienced teacher. She is very motivated and really cares about her students' success. Highly recommended!!
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My name is Christina and I provide German & French language lesson for children and adult beginners or intermediate who want to strengthen their language skills, improve the grammar knowledge, enrich the vocabulary and get into the German culture! I can teach in English or French!
I had experince in teaching German, English and French to foreign people so I do have a lot of useful learning material I can provide you to make it easier!
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Teacher also pleasant to professionals who knows how to suggest themes adapted to the interests of the child during lessons! I can only recommend Christina ...
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Hi, I am Ana! I am a professional language teacher! If you want to learn Romanian, English or German in an easy, fun and efficient way, you’ve done the first step. I simply love teaching and I’m looking forward to sharing my enthusiasm for languages with you. I have experience in learning foreign languages, so I understand the challenge.
I’ve started teaching Romanian as a foreign language in 2010 at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, and my teaching approach is really friendly and focused on all your needs. I have worked with people from all over the world and I know very well how to make the process of learning a language a very pleasant experience.
I speak several languages (English, German, French, Spanish) and I keep learning some (Polish and Portuguese) so I am aware of how fun and also frustrating (at times) the process can be.
For me, learning a language is like falling in love, you get to discover details and awesome facts about one culture and mentality.
If you want to learn Romanian, English or German, I will make sure you will enjoy it!
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Everything about Anamaria is at 99.9%, from timeliness, punctuality, very concise and relevant study material and she has an excellent teaching methodology.
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Hi, everyone! I'm Marissa. I'm a native speaker of English from the United States. I'm currently living in Istanbul, Turkey and I can speak Turkish. I can also understand basic Spanish. I received my teaching certification in 2011 and I've been teaching ever since. I have experience working with students from all over the world, in language schools, kindergarten, exam preparation centers, and online, not only as a teacher but also as an education coordinator.
I offer my students a very structured program to help them improve their overall English level. In our trial lesson, I will evaluate your level and we will discuss your goals. I will then provide you with a coursebook and supplementary materials suitable for your level and needs. We will use these both together in class and outside of class for homework. We will cover all necessary skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing, grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation) but we will give special attention to whatever your weaknesses may be.
Alternatively, if you are not looking for such an intensive program, I also offer guided conversation practice. I am flexible! Just write me and we can start working on a plan for you. I'm looking forward to meeting you soon. :)
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Marissa is a very friendly teacher. She adapts her lessons to her students and helps them reach their goals.
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Maria is a very experienced teacher. She really loves teaching and transmit this passion to her students. Excellent teacher.
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We had (my wife and I) our first lesson with Miriam and were very happy of her communication style. Too early to judge (will write a further review), but we decided to start the course and bought 12 lessons. More to come....
Miriam C.
Thank you very much for the kind words and especially for your trust. I am really looking forward to this collaboration. Best wishes, Miriam
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I'm a Italian/German bilingual teacher form Florence!
I offer lessons for beginners as well as for advanced speakers. I carry out different kinds of lessons: I could help you for example to prepare for a test, for your trip to Italy or for more advanced needs.
The lessons are focused on improving listening/comprehension skills as well as reading, writing, speaking and grammar.
If you want to know more about my methods, just book a trial lesson! It's free! I hope to see you soon!
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The lesson was perfectly geared to my needs. As my requirement for learning does not fit easily in any 'set course' or classroom situation, this individual approach, looking at what I need and then providing it, suits me very well indeed. I am very happy with the way in which the teaching / learning experience is going so far and would certainly recommend Niccoló.
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Hello, my name is Katerina und I’m a qualified German teacher with 8 years teaching experience.
I would like to help you to master the German language. You will get your personal online lesson via Skype.
If you are interested in learning this world language, just contact me –
I’m looking forward to getting to know you!
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I have hardly had oportunities to speak German, so the lesson was a little tough, but I had fun. The way, that she tries to understand what I mean each time and make me understood is wonderful.
Katerina B.
Dear Natsuki, thank you for your review. Kind regards, Katerina
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Learning a foreign language is a beautiful and awe-inspiring journey which is not strange to me.
Growing in Europe and living in Canada has shaped my thinking abilities to see beyond the surface of individual’s potential to study. It remodeled my senses in a special way to be able to respond with tact and compassion to the needs of my students. In the same time it taught me the value of persistence and creativity. These abilities have helped me to master the art of teaching. Every student makes me a better friend, family member and a person.
So far, I've helped different age groups to converse freely, to read, understand and love both English and Bulgarian. Beside that, my students not just improve their grades at school. Some of them became English teachers themselves.
No two students are exactly alike. That's why I mostly use personalized learning method. It builds a learning experience that addresses the unique abilities of each student.
Another method of teaching that I use is Learning by experiment. In that way students learn by doing. I create experiences for them to see the concepts in action. I found out that students tend to remember better when they see and then discuss what they learn from what they saw.
Beside these methods you will enjoy Modeling, Mistakes, Feedback and one of my top methods: Lesson Objective Transparency. When I clearly state my lesson goals and write it on the board, then you will feel relax because you will know what you are working towards.
Please, be assured you won’t regret giving me the opportunity to help you!
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Didi is a very friendly and experienced teacher. She makes her lesson very interesting and easy to follow. She loves teaching and supports her students during their learning path.
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My name is Christina and I provide German & French language lesson for children and adult beginners or intermediate who want to strengthen their language skills, improve the grammar knowledge, enrich the vocabulary and get into the German culture! I can teach in English or French!
I had experince in teaching German, English and French to foreign people so I do have a lot of useful learning material I can provide you to make it easier!
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Christina is amazing. From our first lesson I could tell that she really cared and wanted to help me prepare for my exam. I look forward to every lesson! I can't recommend her enough, she is perfect!
Christina F.
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Thank you dear Luke
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Hallo :) My name is Mihaela and I was born in Switzerland. I have a Bachleor and Master degree as German teacher and more then 5 years experience.
I love languages, because of that I speak also Croatian and English. :)
- ABOUT THE CLASS -
I offer German language lessons for A1, A2, B1, B2 level and they include everything you need: grammar, speaking, writing, pronunciation and vocabulary.
This is ideal for students who want actively participate and speak more, learn new words and exercise the grammar. Or we can learn whatever you need, because I will always adapt to your needs. :)
I will support you during your learning experience and adapt to your learning tempo.
All learning materials and exercises are included and will be provided during the lesson.
The learning material is from various books (Schritte International, Menschen, Sicher im Alltag und Beruf, Begegnungen,...).
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Mihaela is punctual and organised. She has a friendly attitude and plans the lessons well with relevant materials.
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Hello everyone and a big warm welcome to all the fellow language learners,
My name is Katerina, I’m a native Russian speaker and a foreign language teacher from St Petersburg, Russia. I’ve always been addicted to learning foreign languages, be it English, German, Spanish, Turkish or Arabic, so turning my passion into my job was just a matter of time. I have a Master’s degree in linguistics which taught me to understand the way the mechanism of a language works and thus to help my students see the logics behind the grammar rules. Being a constant language learner enables me to see the process from both sides and to predict the difficulties my students might face. The fact that I’m not a native speaker of English or German means I’ve been through exactly the same language-learning journey you’re about to take, and thanks to my personal experience as a student, I can make this road smooth for you.
I've had students of all ages, from pre-school kids to senior generation, and I feel comfortable working with both beginners and those who are eager to take their learning process to a new level. In my classes I encourage you to talk in the language we’re studying as much as possible, putting every single bit of knowledge into practice right away. If you’re a Russian-learner, I’d be glad to prove it to you that you can absolutely nail my mother-tongue - and yes, you’ll be able to make a small talk in Russian by the end of the first class even if you’re an absolute beginner! We’ll be focusing on the topics that are most relevant to your goals, while discovering the language and getting to know more about the culture of people who speak it.
I offer a short free trial class, for us to give each other a smile and discuss our teaching pattern, in order to ajust it to your goals and make our lessons the bee's knees :) See you soon!
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Ekaterina writes new words and sentences learnt during the lesson. She has got a very nice attitude and great accent! A pleasure to work with... yes, even in German!!!!!
Ekaterina V.
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Dear Silvia, thank you very much for your feedback! It's a real pleasure to have classes with you, and I hope you find them useful!
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Hi, I am Christin!
After training as a pastry chef and studying business administration, I traveled a lot and discovered my interest in languages. To find out more about teaching languages, I decided on further training at the Goethe Institute and completed it. During the Goethe Institute "Learn to teach German" course I was able to give individual language lessons and actively support the examination preparation for the Goethe certificate.
My lessons are needs-oriented. That means that learning goals are discussed with you and based on your level of knowledge. Whether grammar, sentence structure, pronunciation, expression or the practice of communication situations: German as a foreign and second language classes are flexible and take place in a group or one-to-one lessons with individual support and are based on your wishes and requirements. The teaching of content and topics takes place according to the respective language level. Building vocabulary, grammar and means of speaking are structured and conveyed logically building on each other. Let's get to know each other in a free trial class. I am looking forward to meeting you!
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Christin is a great teacher. We are talking about very interesting and different topics. Lots of material to learn. She is also very flexible. I'm very satisfied.
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Hi!
My name is Krisztina! I’m a teacher of German and French with the corresponding qualifications. I've grown up in a bilingual family (Hungarian-German), so I speak both languages as a native language. I’ve been teaching for six years, so I’m able to estimate your needs, and to meet them. In my lessons, I recreat real life situations, so that you will be able to adapt yourselves to different circumstances. I’m a patient, positive and creative person, who is looking forward to see you in her lessons. So don’t hesitate to book a lesson with me.
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Krisztina is extremely patient and is an excellent teacher. She gives great learning materials and the lessons are productive. Krisztina keeps the lessons focused and makes sure that you get the most out of the hour. I definitely recommend her.
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Hi, I'm Irish, have been living Milan for 30 years. I have a strong business background in sales and marketing. I have lived in USA, UK and done business in Far East. I teach private students and in global corporates and universities. If you're looking to improve your English quickly I have developed my interactive communication method. A great lesson is based on understanding your needs, planning, content, your involvement, feedback, correction, repetition. My experience in theatre helps me to organise, conduct role plays, followed by constructive feedback. I prepare students for EU exams. Qualities; ability to listen, empathy, patience, motivating, energetic, open to feedback, positive outlook, value sharing, abilty to focus on long and short term objectives, relationship building. Look forward to 'partnering' with you.
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Emer is a very professional and experienced teacher. She is very motivated and really cares about her students' success. Highly recommended!!
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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My name is Christina and I provide German & French language lesson for children and adult beginners or intermediate who want to strengthen their language skills, improve the grammar knowledge, enrich the vocabulary and get into the German culture! I can teach in English or French!
I had experince in teaching German, English and French to foreign people so I do have a lot of useful learning material I can provide you to make it easier!
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Teacher also pleasant to professionals who knows how to suggest themes adapted to the interests of the child during lessons! I can only recommend Christina ...
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Hi, I am Ana! I am a professional language teacher! If you want to learn Romanian, English or German in an easy, fun and efficient way, you’ve done the first step. I simply love teaching and I’m looking forward to sharing my enthusiasm for languages with you. I have experience in learning foreign languages, so I understand the challenge.
I’ve started teaching Romanian as a foreign language in 2010 at the Faculty of Letters in Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania, and my teaching approach is really friendly and focused on all your needs. I have worked with people from all over the world and I know very well how to make the process of learning a language a very pleasant experience.
I speak several languages (English, German, French, Spanish) and I keep learning some (Polish and Portuguese) so I am aware of how fun and also frustrating (at times) the process can be.
For me, learning a language is like falling in love, you get to discover details and awesome facts about one culture and mentality.
If you want to learn Romanian, English or German, I will make sure you will enjoy it!
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Everything about Anamaria is at 99.9%, from timeliness, punctuality, very concise and relevant study material and she has an excellent teaching methodology.
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