Conjunctions in German
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Lesson outline
Hide- 1.What is a conjunction?
- 2.Table of coordinating conjunction in the German language
- 3.Interrogatives and adverbs as conjunctions in German (table of subconjunctions)
- 4.Table of compound conjunctions in German
- 5.Exercises
- 5.1.Exercise of coordinating conjunctions in German
- 5.2.Exercise of subordinating conjunctions in German
- 5.3.Translation exercise of German conjunctions
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is connecting words, phrases or clauses.
For example:
- Wir nehmen es mit, denn wir finden es schön. - We take it with us, because we like it
- Wir nehmen ein Taxi oder den Bus. - We're taking a cab or a bus
- Wir brauchen kein Tee, sondern wir wollen Kaffee. - We don't need tea, we want coffee
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Table of coordinating conjunction in the German language
Coordinating conjunctions are used to connect independent clauses. Thereby they don't affect the word order (structured as typical main clauses) and are generally separated by a comma from each other.
| German | English |
|---|---|
| aber | but, however |
| denn | because |
| oder | or |
| sondern | on the contrary |
| und | and |
- Sie isst Huhn, denn sie mag den Geschmack gerne. - She eats chicken, because she likes the taste
- Wir legen den Koffer auf den Wagen, aber wir tragen die Tasche. - We put the bag on the trolley, but we carry the bag
No comma is necessary before “und“ or “oder“.
Interrogatives and adverbs as conjunctions in German (table of subconjunctions)
Theses conjunctions can function as subordinate conjunctions. Therefore, they introduce dependent clauses (subordinate clauses). A dependent clause is not a complete sentence and cannot stand alone. The finite verb is placed at the end of the sentence (subjunction + subject + … + finite verb).
| German | English |
|---|---|
| als | when |
| bevor | before |
| da | since, as |
| bis | until |
| damit | so that |
| dass | that |
| nachdem | after |
| ob | whether |
| obwohl | although |
| seit | since |
- Sag mir, warum du nicht gerne isst. - Tell me, why don't you like to eat?
- Ich arbeite, bis ich müde werde. - I work until I get tired
Table of compound conjunctions in German
Compound conjunctions build out of two words. The clauses begin with the first part of the compound conjunctions. The second part introduces the other sentence (whether dependent or independent).
| German | English |
|---|---|
| anstatt ... zu | instead of |
| entweder ... oder | either ... or |
| weder noch | neither .. nor |
| sowohl ... als auch | as well as |
| sowohl ... wie auch | as well as |
- Entweder du gehst mit oder du bleibst zu Hause. - Either you come with or you stay at home
- Sowohl mag ich Bananen, als auch Äpfel. - I like bananas, as well as apples
Now that you have finished the lesson about conjunction, you should be able to form dependent clauses and connect two main clauses with a proper conjunction. Test your skills with our exercises.
Exercises
- Exercise of coordinating conjunctions in German
- Exercise of subordinating conjunctions in German
- Translation exercise of German conjunctions
Exercise of coordinating conjunctions in German
Exercise of subordinating conjunctions in German
Translation exercise of German conjunctions
Exercises
- Exercise of coordinating conjunctions in German
- Exercise of subordinating conjunctions in German
- Translation exercise of German conjunctions
Exercise of coordinating conjunctions in German
Exercise of subordinating conjunctions in German
Translation exercise of German conjunctions
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my name is Veronika and I am a student in Florence at the academy of fine arts. I have been in Italy for three years and I really like the Italian language. In school i learned english and during journeys i used to speak a lot of english so i'm also able to teach in english.
I am from Germany so I am a German native speaker. I have already taught German to some of my friends and would love to teach my language to more people as well. At the beginning I would like to do grammar lessons and the most used words to deepen the basic knowledge of the language. Then I will continue to have conversations in German to increase vocabulary and to give confidence in dialogue and in any case in speaking the language in real scenarios. The most important thing by learning a new language is to learn it through hearing and speaking. Being difficult at first to formulate sentences will then become easier and easier and thus you arrive at a fluent and confident way to speak the new language.
For myself I learned Italian three years ago with this method so I also know what it is like to learn a language and I can help you with my teaching to learn German that way.
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