German Subjunctive II
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The subjuncitve II is mostly used to express wishes that are (currently) not possible. Additionally you can use the Subjunctive to make a request more polite.
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A good way to memorize how to form the subjunctive II is to go through the simple-past-form and add the correct ending. For example
Infinitive: gehen (to walk) → Simple past: Er ging (he walked) → Subjunctive II: Er ginge (He would walk)
Infinitive | Subjunctive II |
---|---|
Gehen | Er/Sie/Es ginge |
Lassen | Er/Sie/Es ließe |
Schlafen | Er/Sie/Es schliefe |
Stehen | Er/Sie/Es stände |
For some weak and mixed verbs the Subjunctive II doesn't differ from the normal simple past form. For these cases there is the "Würde"-Variation of the Subjunctive II. You build this form by just conjugating the word würde (would) to the correct person and adding the verb in its infinitive form. A few examples
Simple past / Normal Subjunctive II | Würde-form |
---|---|
Ich arbeitete (I worked) | Ich würde arbeiten (I would work) |
Du studiertest (You studied) | Du würdest studieren (You would study) |
Sie lernte (she learned) | Sie würde lernen (She would learn) |
You can also use the subjunctive II in the past tense. For this you have to conjugate the auxiliary word "sein / haben" and combine them with the participle 2 of the verb. A few examples
Person | Sein | Haben | Fragen |
---|---|---|---|
Ich | wäre gewesen | hätten gehabt | hätte gefragt |
Du | wärst gewesen | hättest gehabt | hättest gefragt |
Er/Sie/Es | wäre gewesen | hätte gehabt | hätte gefragt |
Wir | wären gewesen | hätten gehabt | hätten gefragt |
Ihr | wärt gewesen | hättet gehabt | hättet gefragt |
Sie | wären gewesen | hätten gehabt | hätten gefragt |
Now, that you have learned about the subjunctive II you can test your knowledge in the following exercise!
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