Plural of German nouns
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German nouns in the plural are preceded by the definite article die, or by no article because in German there is no indefinite article in plural.
This table below shows some examples:
Singular | Plural | Translation |
---|---|---|
das Auto | die Autos | car - cars |
das Bild | die Bilder | picture - pictures |
die Frau | die Frauen | woman - women |
Unlike in English, the plural in German is very irregular. Although it is essential to learn the form of the plural by learning vocabulary words, there are some tips for recognizing the plural form of certain words.
We distinguish between five different endings to form the plural.
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Some nouns do not have any plural endings. Among this category, some radicals remain unchanged, while others take a mutated vowel (Umlaut ä,ö,ü). Most of these names have an ending in -er, -el, -en.
This table shows the type of nouns that are not changed in the plural and have no mutated vowel.
What type of nouns? | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | All the nouns with the endings -el, -er and -en |
|
Feminine | no female noun follows this pattern | |
Neuter | some neuter nouns with the endings -el, -en and -en
German diminutives, ending on -chen or -lein |
|
There are nouns in German whose endings do not change in the plural but they have an Umlaut on the vowel of their radical.
What type of noun? | Examples | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | nouns with the endings -en, -el and -en |
|
Feminine | there are two nouns with an Umlaut in plural |
|
Neuter | there is one noun with an Umlaut in plural |
|
Many German nouns form their plural by adding an -e at the end of the noun. Some of them use an Umlaut, others have their radical unchanged.
The radical of some nouns remain unchanged in the plural but they take the suffix -e. Most of them are in masculine, rarely in feminine or neuter.
What type of noun? | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | Most of the masculine nouns and some nouns with the endings -ling, -ig and -eur |
|
Feminine | Nouns with the ending -nis. In this case the s is doubled (-nisse) |
|
Neuter | Most of the neuter noun and nouns with the endings -nis or -sal. For the neuter nouns with the ending -nis the is doubled (-nisse) |
|
The plural of certain nouns is formed with the suffix -e and an Umlaut on the vowel of the radical. Among these names are the majority of male names and some feminine and neutral nouns.
What type of noun? | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | The plural of most of the masculine nouns are formed like this |
|
Feminine | Most of the monosyllabic female nouns use this rule |
|
Neuter | It exists one neuter noun for this rule |
|
Some German nouns use the suffix -er to form the plural. The radical can sometimes take an umlaut on the vowel. Among these names, we find the majority of neutral names and some male names.
This table shows the plural of some nouns, where the radical stays unchanged and the suffix -er is used.
What type of noun? | Examples | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | the are not so many masculine nouns that adopt this rule |
|
Feminine | there is no feminine noun that uses this plural ending rule | |
Neuter | Most of the neuter nouns use this rule. Nouns that do not take Umlaut are those whose radical does not contain a vowel capable of carrying an umlaut. |
|
The plural of certain nouns is formed with the suffix -er and an Umlaut on the vowel of the radical.
What type of noun? | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | Some masculine nouns, usually monosyllabic
Some masculine nouns, that end on -tum |
|
Feminine | there no feminine nouns whose plural is formed like this | |
Neuter | most of the neuter nouns this rule |
|
Some names have the -n or -en in the plural. The radical never takes an Umlaut. Most of these nouns are feminine, but there are also some masculine and neuter nouns that use this ending in their plural.
What type of noun? | Example | |
---|---|---|
Masculine | weak and mixed masculine nouns
other masculine nouns |
|
Feminine | nouns ending with -e
feminine nouns ending with a consonant or a double vowel (-au)
nouns ending with -in (mostly nouns formed out of masculine nouns), the -n is then doubled (-nnen) |
|
Neuter | nouns ending with -um or -ma
other neuter nouns |
|
There are some German nouns that take a -s in their plural form. Here the radical can not be changed, which means that there is no Umlaut in the plural forms of the nouns.
Example | |
---|---|
Masculine |
|
Feminine |
|
Neuter |
|
This table shows when the German nouns do not have a plural form.
Type of noun | Example |
---|---|
materials/ substances |
|
collective terms |
|
abstract terms |
|
The plural of money das Geld exists: die Gelder , but it can be translated into funds in English.
Conversely, some German nouns have no singular and they are just used in plural. Here are some examples:
Some nouns in German use the same singular with different meaning, just the building of their plural varies. This table shows you some examples.
Singular | Plural | Translation |
---|---|---|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Although, there are rules of the German plural, it is easier to learn the plurals of the nouns by heart. Check your knowledge of this topic with our free exercises. If you are not sure about the plural of a noun, you can request the information through http://www.duden.de . And don't worry, even the Germans themselves exercise this website.
Some names have the suffix -n or -en in the plural. The radical never takes umlaut. Most of these names are female names, but there are some masculine and neutral names.
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I offer German language lessons for A1, A2, B1, B2 level and they include everything you need: grammar, speaking, listening audio, reading, writing and for some fun: games and role plays :)
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Hallo :) I'm a German language teacher with a Bachelor and Master degree in German and with many years of teaching experience.
I was born and lived in Switzerland for many years and grew up in a bilingual family, because of that I speak German, Swiss German, Croatian and English :)
- ABOUT THE CLASS -
I offer German language lessons for A1, A2, B1, B2 level and they include everything you need: grammar, speaking, listening audio, reading, writing and for some fun: games and role plays :)
This is ideal for students who want actively participate and speak more, learn new words and exercise the grammar.
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The learning material is from various books: Schritte International, Menschen, Sicher im Alltag und Beruf, Begegnungen, ....
If you wish to have only conversational lessons, I can arrange this also for you (only available for B1 and B2 level).
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