Spanish relative pronouns
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A relative pronoun (pronombre relativo) always refers to a noun or a pronoun previously mentioned in the sentence.
It is a link or connector between sentences or clauses.
Examples:
There are five different types of relative pronouns:
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"Que" is the equivalent of "that" and it is never omitted in Spanish.
It refers to people, animals, things, ideas or events in the singular or plural.
Function | Example | English |
---|---|---|
subject of the clause | La mujer que acaba de irse es mi madre. | The woman who has just gone away is my mother. |
object of the clause | Te recomiendo al albañil que llamamos ayer. | I recommend to you the bricklayer whom we called yesterday. |
The English pronouns "who" and "whom" are the equivalents of "quien" and the plural form "quienes".
Quien is commonly used in the written language and it might replace "que" when referring to a person.
Use | Example | English |
---|---|---|
subject of a verb | Felipe, quien* acaba de casarse con mi tía, es periodista. | Felipe, who has just got married with my aunt, is a journalist. |
object of a verb | Acabo de encontrar a Luis, a quien* llamé anoche. | I have just met Luis, whom I called yesterday. |
* The clause introduced with quien or quienes is separated from the main clause with commas.
"El que" and "el cual" correspond to "that", "which", "who" and "whom".
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Masculine plural | Feminine plural |
---|---|---|---|
el que | la que | los que | las que |
el cual | la cual | los cuales | las cuales |
Examples:
Use | Example | English |
---|---|---|
subject of the verb | El autor de Cien años de soledad es Gabriel García Marquez, el cual escribió otras novelas. | The author of One hundred years of solitude is Gabriel García Marquez, who wrote other novels. |
object of the verb | Saludamos a Hector, al que encontramos ayer. | We said hello to Hector, whom we met yesterday. |
"Quien" and "el que" may be used as the indefinite subject of a verb and they correspond to "he who".
Example:
Quien espera, desespera.
He who waits, loses hope:
El que espera, desespera.
"Lo que" and "lo cual" are neuter relative pronouns and they correspond to "that which", "which", "what" or "whatever".
Use | Example | English |
---|---|---|
referring to a statement, concept or idea previously mentioned | Tengo que ir a casa de mis suegros, lo que me irrita. | I have to go to my parents-in-law' house, which irritates me. |
referring to a statement, concept or idea previously discussed | Lo que te dije, no va a suceder. | What I told you is not going to happen. |
"Cuyo" means "whose" and it refers to people and things.
It precedes the noun it modifies and it must agree in gender and number with that noun.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
Singular | cuyo | cuya |
Plural | cuyos | cuyas |
Examples:
When relative pronouns follow a preposition, they serve as object of a verb.
Relative pronoun | Preposition | Example |
---|---|---|
el que el cual | any | Juan es un hombre en el cual se puede confiar. (Juan is a man whom you can trust.) |
que | a de en con* | - Ése es el coche en que chocaron. (That is the car in which they crashed.) - Ésta es la mujer de que hablamos. (This is the woman about whom we talked.) |
quien | any | El hombre con quien se casó Lucía es de Santander. (The man whom Lucía married is from Santander.) |
* "Que" may follow the preposition "con" if it does not refer to a person.
Example:
Mencionaste un objetivo con el cual estoy de acuerdo. (You mentioned a target with which I agree.)
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Hello, my name is Rebecca Rygaard.
Recently graduated as a teacher of Danish and English for the primary and lower secondary schools in Denmark, according to the Bachelor's Degree Program in Education, from University College Copenhagen.
I am born and raised in Denmark, and am a native speaker of Danish.
In my teaching I use a communicative approach, focused on having us communicate with each other and produce language to learn it. We will learn both from "input" (what we hear, read) and "output" (what we say, write).
This communicative approach will be focused on "real life" and authentic situations - that means that I'll actually base the teaching on my students lives. I.e. we could be talking about what has brought you to want to learn Danish. There will be authentic language only in this class - not language about hypothetical situations, that you might not ever need.
As part of this method, we'll be using task-based learning - you'll often learn the language through "tasks" in my class, with the point that you'll have to use communication, in cooperation with your peers (or me) to solve them. It's a lot of fun, I guarantee.
You will also be learning about the Danish culture, as I believe culture and language go together, and one cannot be understood without the other (I very much look forward to introducing you to Danish customs, traditions and food).
I'll be focused on your progress, rather your 'errors', as I don't believe in teaching a language by focusing on student's "mistakes", but on their potential. There is an "interlanguage" that is the language that emerge in between your original language, and the language you're trying to learn. And it is only normal that this language is a bit of a mix, that is ever-evolving.
With me, you'll also have the important advantage that I am both a teacher of English and Danish, and therefore know how the languages correlate.
I've learned about all of these aspects "the communicative approach", "task-based learning", "cultural studies" and "interlanguage" and a "functional view on language learning", as a part of my education, and I know they are all a part of recent research in the field.
I have prepared a lesson plan for beginners - which can both be used for group- and single lessons. But I can also create a specifically crafted lesson plan just for you and your needs/level, or if you already know Danish, but just want to improve it.
I hope we meet, and look forward to helping you learn some Danish :)
Rebecca
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Rebecca is a Danish native. She teaches Danish for every level. She personalizes every lesson according to your level, your demand and your interest. She is a nice and smiling person which is passioned by teaching.
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Hey there,
Let me tell you quickly something about me and what I do.
I am a translator by training and a compulsive traveler by birth. I love cats and salsa music. English has always been my passion and I'm here to help other people feel confident when speaking, writing and working with this language.
My teaching method is a very personal mix made of tips and methods taken from different schools of thought, many first-hand experiences I have had in the field, all combined with my mission to help students overcome their fears and blocks when it comes to English.
In my classes you will have the advantage of feeling well looked after - my preparation in cultural and language studies allows me to listen to and understand the challenges students from different linguistic backgrounds face.
If this sounds like you, let's start working together.
With dedication,
Elisabetta
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Elisabetta is a professional teacher and a very nice person. She's been working as a translator and then she found her vocation in teaching. Elisabetta's approach is very practical and effective, paying great attention to every part of the language learning process. She is both organized and creative, wanting to keep her students' attention high.
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Hi! I'm Andrés. I've been a language teacher since 2005. I'm also CELTA certified but more importantly, it's my experience as a teacher, as well as being a learner of Japanese (intermediate), Chinese (intermediate) and now Finnish (super basic, just started), that counts. I feel it's crucial to be in the students' shoes to better teach them and recommend resources, habits, and techniques that actually work.
My teaching methods include a lot of input through listening, texts, followed by guided practice based on the material. Grammar is taught in a complimentary way, but the main focus is input and communication. I follow CEFR topic order so that students can see how their knowledge scaffolds along.
The materials are picked from the internet depending on the student's needs and interests, be they work, travel, study, or just for fun. I like to include videos about different topics like culture, business, life hacks, news, interesting facts, science, love and relationships, among others, with intermediate/advanced students, and communicational dialogues with beginner students.
Book a trial lesson and see how you feel!
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Jorge is a nice teacher with a long experience, in fact, he's been teaching since 2005 in different contexts. His method is very much focused on communication and conversation, always adapting to the student's level, needs and interests (his classes can deal with many different topics).
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Yolanda is an excellent teacher. She structures her classes like a conversation to really help with speaking and listening, but also incorporates grammatical information. She also incorporates homework that allows you to practice reading and writing. All around excellent teacher whose teaching methodology works perfect for me!
Yolanda C.Thank you, it is amazing to have a student as you! Thanks!!
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Who I am?
My name is Virginia, 28 years old and I work exclusively to unregulated training.
- TOEIC Diploma in English level C1
- DALF diploma in French C1
I also have a TEFL 120h Masterclass certificate (Language Teaching Training).
How do I teach?
- Audio-lingual method: Learning naturally by deduction - It is the most effective for anchoring knowledge.
- Communicative approach: I place special emphasis on interaction and the use of language in real situations.
- Total Physical Response (TPR) and educational games: Oriented towards children. Learn English in a fun and practical way.
Other important issues
- I have a lack of a history of sexual crimes (mandatory by law to work with minors in Spain) issued by the Ministry of Justice.
Any questions? Interested? Contact me!
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Virginia is smiling and supportive all the time! She speaks many languages any addition of Spanish so she's able to help if I don't understand in Spanish. She provides structured lessons with clear goals and different ways to learn. Therefore the lesson is dynamic and very efficient. She's committed to help her students and you can see it since the beginning. Many thanks Virginia!
Virginia N.Many thanks to you Clemence. See you! :-))))
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Hello! My name is Ainhoa, I am Spanish and I live in Bilbao, a city in the north of Spain. I love languages and learning about new cultures, that is why I decided to teach Spanish. I find it very gratifying to see the students improve.
I am patient and cheerful, and I strive to create a comfortable environment where students are not afraid to make mistakes. I am positive and I firmly believe that anyone with effort, perseverance and correct accompaniment can improve.
I am an online Spanish teacher certified by ELE International and I have been teaching Spanish since 2019. In 2020 I formalized my business and became freelance.
In these years, I have studied Spanish grammar thoroughly and I have tried many teaching methods that were taught to me in my training, which has led me to create my own method with what I have seen has given better results. I use spaced repetition, create projects, do real-life rollplays, and have the student come to the correct conclusion on their own using questions. For all this, we will use manuals that will guide your learning, the campus diffusion books.
I have helped students of all levels to improve Spanish until they can speak correctly. Each student learns differently and has their own challenges, so I have learned which resources work best for each person.
In my classes you will find a smily face and a relaxed atmosphere, in which you will feel free to ask questions as much as necessary and to express yourself without fear of mistakes.
See you soon!
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I love the Spanish lessons with Ainhoa! She is friendly end explanes very clear. Sometimes she spreaks very fast, but he.... that's good for learning! :-) And of course if you ask her to slow down, she will. Last but nog least.. she is a nice person!
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I so enjoy my lessons with Montserrat! She is warm and cheerful, and tailors her lessons to your interests. I can feel my fluency and vocabulary improving each time I meet with her.
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Are you tired of trying to improve your English or Spanish without any results?
I am an English teacher graduated in English Studies with more than 7 years experience.
My method is based on conversation and interactive activities with the purpose of having fun while you get the level that you need.
All level classes.
Also Official Exams training.
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Georgina is a great professional and she makes you feel really comfortable during the lessons. She´s kind and nice. I totally recommend her. Thanks, Georgina!
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I offer smart and fun lessons for all levels and ages! I am a native Turkish speaker from Cyprus and an English teacher by profession. Alongside full-time teaching, I work as a freelance translator/interpreter (Turkish-English) on a part-time basis. I have extensive teaching experience especially with university students, secondary school students and adults. Whether you are a beginner or an advanced learner, I can help you (or your child) improve your language skills with customized lessons and authentic teaching material.
As a language teacher and a language learner myself, I am aware that everyone learns at their own pace and everyone learns in different ways. Therefore, addressing the needs of each student individually is crucial to my teaching approach. It is true that language learning takes time and commitment but online teaching has transformed the learning experience in such a way that, with the help of developing technology and the internet, you can accelerate your learning much faster than you can with traditional teaching methods. Some of the key elements in accelerated learning that I adapt in my teaching methodology are as follows:
Flipped Classroom:
In contrast to conventional teaching methods, students are provided with class material prior to the lesson. This allows them to practice what they have learnt during classroom discussions and activities.
Task-based Approach:
Traditional teaching approaches focused on the content that teachers thought their students needed to learn. This included a lot of emphasis on grammar. Task-based approach, on the other hand, focuses on the skills that the students want to acquire. The teacher no longer focuses on ‘what’ is taught but ‘why’ it is taught.
Lexical Syllabus:
In line with the task-based approach, lexical syllabus focuses on the vocabulary that the student needs to learn in order to perform a specific task. For example, the word ‘asset’ is essential for a business student, similarly, ‘biopsy’ is an essential word for a medical student.
My approach allows me to connect with students' previous learning experiences and knowledge and increase their reflection between what they learn and their life experiences. Overall, it is a student-centered, interactive, collaborative and communicative approach.
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Olga has a great teaching experience with students and adults. She can propose you different ways for learning Turkish and English. She uses pictures, exercices, Turkish or English news and recaps the vocabulary used. Olga is a smiling and nice person, you will enjoy Turkish or English lessons with her and will improve by her structured courses.
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Olga O.Thank you so much Clemence!
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Hi,
I'm Poppy, 21, from England and I'm currently studying English, French and Spanish at Uni in Strasbourg, France.
I studied up until the age of 18 in Britain and am now living a bilingual life here in France, so I know the obstacles when it comes to learning a foreign language.
I have a qualification in teaching English (TEFL) and have been teaching for the past 6 months on another English-learning website called Cambly where i have met people from all over the world, some total beginners in English and others close to fluency.
I like students to be at ease during classes and the best way to do that, in my opinion, is to build a friendship and speak about the topics which interest them most, but of course in English! I am very flexible and sometimes read news articles with students which lead to discussions or Youtube videos from their favourite youtuber. The most important thing is to inspire the student to start speaking- once he/she does, we can start correcting their mistakes.
I also like to show students why being bilingual is such an amazing skill to have and how it can change your life prospects.
Poppy :)
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Poppy is an original and young English teacher ! She has good teaching materials gathering videos, texts and audio. Poppy teaches with good energy and a big smile ! Students can improve their English thank to attractive lessons and exercises based on their demands and level.
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I found CoLanguage accidentally when I was searching for online private lessons to improve my spanish skills which had diminished a bit since my stay abroad two years ago (B2+ level). After the free trial with Noelia (where we talked about my objectives and her learning methods and got to know each other) I was already so blessed and motivated! Her lessons are well-structured, she is really flexible, patient, reacts to sentences spoken and directly helps to rephrase mistakes/sentences. I am able to repeat and learn grammar/vocabularies and at the same time we have good conversations which makes my speaking more fluent again. She visualizes everything while speaking which makes it easy to follow. I am really looking forward to continue learning Spanish with her!
Noelia N.Thank you very much Wiebke !!! :)
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Hello.
My name is Marianna and I have been teaching English and Greek as second languages for more than 20 years. My studies in English Language and Literature and Translation (PhD) in England and Greece have helped me gain the necessary experience, knowledge and passion for my job. I have worked as a Cambridge Speaking Examiner, a university instructor and translator in the European Commission. I am currently teaching mainly online. I hope I can help you with your studies.
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Marianna has a great teaching experience. She teaches Greek and English for any level. Her lessons are adapted for any demands and based on interactions, grammar and attractive activities. Students can learn vocabulary about different subjects describing pictures or paintings for exemple. Moreover Marianna is a smiling and nice person, I recommend her !
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I practice and adopt methods according to each student’s ability. It involves assignments customised by me, daily one-to-one conversations with my students about different topics, timely tests, picking up suggestions on what is working for the student and what is not working and changing methods which would best fit the student. I’m a Finance Analyst with an experience of more than 3 years in the Corporate Industry. I also take online English classes with the utmost motive of a better community of English Speakers. Mainly based out of Mumbai and Chennai, I also know the language barriers people who work in the Corporate world and the School students face. I am here to help them
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Srinithi is a young, well-prepared Teacher with a nice presence. She has a wide range of learning materials for all language levels (A1-C2) and is motivated to be your new teacher!
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Srinithi S.Thank you so much Cansu :)
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