Spanish demonstrative pronouns
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Spanish demonstrative pronouns (pronombres demonstrativos) are used to indicate a specific object (noun).
Unlike demonstrative adjectives, they replace, rather than describe, a noun.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | éste ése aquél | ésta ésa aquélla | this one that one that one over there |
Plural | éstos éstas aquéllas | éstas ésas aquéllas | these (ones) those (ones) those (onese over there) |
Example:
Each demonstrative pronoun has four forms that must agree in gender and number with the noun they replace.
They have the same form as the demonstrative adjectives.
Examples:
To distinguish them from the demonstrative adjectives, the pronouns may have the accent mark. However, the RAE has ruled that the "tilde" is no longer necessary.
Example:
Mi portátil es más rápido que éste. OR Mi portátil es más rápido que este. (My laptop is faster than this one.)
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Spanish has three types of demonstrative pronoun:
Éste replaces a noun which is close to the speaker.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | éste | ésta | this one |
Plural | éstos | éstas | these ones |
Examples:
Ése replaces a noun which is not very close to the speaker.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | ése | ésa | that one |
Plural | ésos | ésas | those ones |
Examples:
Aquél replaces a noun far from both the speaker and the listener.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | aquél | aquélla | that one over there |
Plural | aquéllos | aquéllas | those one over there |
Examples:
Neuter form | English translation | Example |
---|---|---|
esto* | this | ¡Esto es una barbaridad! (This is horrible!) |
eso* | that | Quitamos el polvo de los muebles y pasamos el mocho. Eso es lo que hicimos. (We removed the dust from the furniture and mopped. That is what we did.) |
aquello* | that | Aquello se está animando. (Things are getting lively there.) |
_____________________________________________________________________
*Please note that esto, eso and aquello end in -o.
The neuter forms of demonstrative pronouns have the following uses:
they refer to an idea or a sentence previously mentioned
Example:
Es difícil encontrar el trabajo ideal. Eso es verdad. (It is hard to find the ideal job. This is true.)
they refer to something non specific or an object or idea not well know
Example:
¿Qué es eso? (What is that?)
Expression | English translation | Example |
---|---|---|
¿y eso? | why? | A: Esta noche no pude dormir. (Tonight I could not sleep.) B: ¿Y eso? (Why?) |
en eso | then | Encontré a mi primo en la calle y en eso me recogió mi madre. (I met my cousin in the street and then my mother picked me up.) |
eso es | that is it that's right | Ayudame cuando caigo, eso es. (Help me when I fall, that is it.) |
por eso | that is why | Nadie me hacía caso, por eso me fui. (Nobody was listening to me, that is why I went away.) |
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