Spanish demonstrative adjectives
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Demonstrative adjectives (adjetivos demonstrativos) indicate where the noun they refer to is located:
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | este ese aquello | esta esa aquella | this that that...over there |
Plural | estos esos aquellos | estas esas aquellas | these those those...over there |
Examples:
Demonstrative adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
Please note that the singular masculine forms of demonstrative adjectives end in -e (este, ese) and -el (aquel), NOT o.
Examples:
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Demonstrative adjectives always precede the noun they modify.
Examples:
There are three different forms of demonstrative adjectives in Spanish and they all indicate a different location of the noun they modify.
The word "este" indicates a physical location, a matter or a time close to the speaker and the listener.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | este | estos | this |
Plural | estos | estas | these |
Examples:
The word "ese" indicates a physical location, matter, or a time not so close to the speaker and the listener.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | ese | esa | that |
Plural | esos | esas | those |
Examples:
The word "aquel" indicates a physical location, matter or a time far from the speaker and the listener.
Masculine | Feminine | English translation | |
---|---|---|---|
Singular | aquel | aquella | that...over there |
Plural | aquellos | aquellas | those...over there |
Examples:
There are three adverbs which help distinguish the respective locations indicated by these demonstrative adjectives:
Examples:
Please note that:
- aquí < este
- allí < ese
- allá < aquel
1- Aquí: Ayer compré sofá muy cómodo. (Yesterday I bought this very comfortable couch.)
2- Allí: Necesito vasos. (I need those glasses.)
3- Allá: Quiero comprar sábanas. (I want to buy those bed sheets over there.)
4- Aquí: sillón cuesta demasiado. (This armchair costs too much.)
5- Allá: ¿Qué te parecen almohadas blancas? (What do you think about those white pillows over there?)
6- Allí: ¿Sabes cuánto cuesta jarrón? (Do you know how much that vase cost?)
7- Aquí: Me gusta mesa de madera. (I like this wooden table.)
8- Allá: Quiero comprar colchón. (I want to buy that mattress over there.)
9- Allí: Mi perro juega con niños. (My dog plays with those children.)
10- Aquí: Puedes reciclar el papel en cubos. (You can recycle paper in those bins.)
Please note that:
- aquí < este
- allí < ese
- allá < aquel
1- Aquí: Ayer compré sofá muy cómodo. (Yesterday I bought this very comfortable couch.)
2- Allí: Necesito vasos. (I need those glasses.)
3- Allá: Quiero comprar sábanas. (I want to buy those bed sheets over there.)
4- Aquí: sillón cuesta demasiado. (This armchair costs too much.)
5- Allá: ¿Qué te parecen almohadas blancas? (What do you think about those white pillows over there?)
6- Allí: ¿Sabes cuánto cuesta jarrón? (Do you know how much that vase cost?)
7- Aquí: Me gusta mesa de madera. (I like this wooden table.)
8- Allá: Quiero comprar colchón. (I want to buy that mattress over there.)
9- Allí: Mi perro juega con niños. (My dog plays with those children.)
10- Aquí: Puedes reciclar el papel en cubos. (You can recycle paper in those bins.)
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