Placement of adjectives in Spanish
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The placement of Spanish adjectives strictly relies on the information they provide about the noun they modify.
Unlike English, Spanish adjectives are generally placed after the noun.
Examples:
However, there are some exceptions to this rule.
Some adjective categories do not follow the noun they modify:
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Limiting adjectives indicate numbers and amounts.
Examples:
Descriptive adjectives which put the stress on essential features are placed before the noun.
Example:
La valiente leona protege a sus cachorros. (The brave lioness protect her cubs.)
Some adjectives change meaning according to their placement:
Examples:
Adjective | Before the noun | After the noun |
---|---|---|
alto | high-class | tall |
bajo | of low quality | short |
bueno | simple / good | gentle / generous |
cierto | certain | true / right |
dulce | good / nice | sweet |
grande | great | big |
mismo | same | himself / herself |
nuevo | newly acquired | newly made |
proprio | his / her own | especially for someone |
raro | rare | strange |
simple | mere | simple / modest |
solo | one | lonely |
triste | dreadful | sad |
único | only | unique |
viejo | long-term | old / aged |
When placed before the noun, some adjectives have shortened forms. This change only affects the masculine form of adjectives, which tend to drop the -o when are followed by a masculine noun.
Adjective | Shortened form | Example |
---|---|---|
alguno (some) | algún | algún vaso (some glass) |
bueno (good) | buen | buen amigo (good friend) |
malo (bad) | mal | mal ejemplo (bad example) |
ninguno (no, not any) | ningún | ningún hombre (no man) |
primero (first) | primer | el primer año (the first year) |
Santo (Saint) | San | San Francisco |
tercero (third) | tercer | el tercer capítulo (the third chapter) |
uno (a, an, one) | un | un gato ( a cat) |
Ciento appears in number 101 and higher, while the shortened form cien is used for the number one hundred before a plural noun.
Examples:
More than one adjective can modify a noun.
1. Two or more adjectives may follow the noun and they are generally linked by a conjuction or separated by a comma.
Examples:
2. In case of shortened forms or an adjective that has a different meaning if placed before or after the noun, the adjective which precedes the noun will remain in place:
Examples:
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