Gerund in Spanish (el gerundio)
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In Spanish, the verb form that ends in -ndo is called the gerundio. It is used in compound verb forms, such as estoy cantando. (I'm singing). This -ing form, in English can also be used as an adjective or a noun.
Examples:
To form the gerund of regular –ar verbs, take off the –ar ending of the infinitive and add –ando. To form the gerund of regular –er and –ir verbs replace the endings with –iendo.
Verbs in -ar | Verbs in -er | Verbs in -ir |
---|---|---|
Ending replaced by –ANDO
| Ending replaced by –IENDO | Ending replaced by –IENDO |
hablar → hablando | comer → comiendo | vivir → viviendo |
viajar → viajando | beber → bebiendo | salir → saliendo |
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Gerundios can be used with verbs like ir , seguir , andar and venir , to emphasize the idea of an ongoing action.
Gerundios can function as adverbs, modifying the action of another verb in the same phrase.
Verb in Spanish | Verb in English | Examples |
---|---|---|
estar + gerund | to be doing something | Qué estás haciendo? (What are you doing?) Estoy estudiando (I am studying) |
empezar + gerund | to begin doing something | La profesora empieza la clase pasando lista. (The teacher starts the lesson by doing the registration) |
llevar + gerund | to be doing something a period of time | Cristina lleva 3 meses viviendo en Barcelona. (Cristina is living in Barcelona for 3 months now) |
ir + gerund | to start doing something | Álvaro va empezando a caminar. (Álvaro is gradually doing his first steps) |
continuar/seguir + gerund | to keep doing something | Patricia sigue trabajando en Valencia (Patricia is still working in Valencia) |
acabar/terminar + gerund | to end up doing something | Terminan graduandose en el colegio. (They end up graduating at school) |
Some verbs have an irregular gerund form.
Infinitive | Gerund |
---|---|
ser (to be) | siendo |
ir (to go) | yendo |
decir (to say) | diciendo |
ver (to see) | viendo |
poder (to be able to) | pudiendo |
dar (to give) | dando |
venir (to come) | viniendo |
dormir (to sleep) | durmiendo |
leer (to read) | leyendo |
oir (to hear) | oyendo |
traer (to bring) | trayendo |
caer (to fall) | cayendo |
morir (to die) | muriendo |
All verbs with a vowel change from e to i or ie in the present also have a vowel change in the gerund.
For all the verbs ending in -uir, i becomes y.
You can practice the gerund form with the exercises. Good luck!
Example:
cantar → cantando
1. estudiar (to study) →
2. comer (to eat) →
3. vivir (to live) →
4. dormir (to sleep) →
5. leer (to read) →
6. pedir (to ask) →
7. reír (to laugh) →
8. creer (to believe) →
9. ir (to go) →
10. oír (to hear) →
Example
Estoy comiendo. (I am eating)
1. Sigamos (trabajar) (Let's keep working)
2. Estamos (comer) (We are eating)
3. ¿Qué estáis ? (hacer) (What are you doing?)
4. Nos están (mirar) (They are watching us)
5. Siguió (hablar) (She kept talking)
6. Estoy un libro (leer) (I am reading a book)
7. Estaban una película (ver) (They were watching a movie)
8. Llevamos 2 años en Barcelona (vivir) (We have been living in Barcelona for 2 years)
9. Llevo media hora (esperar) (I have been waiting for half an hour)
10. Tengo que irme (correr) (I have to go very fast)
Example
Estoy saltando. (I am jumping)
1. Una chica está en la pista de hielo. (patinar)
(A woman is skating in the ice rink)
2. Estoy un chocolate caliente. (beber)
(I am drinking a hot chocolate)
3. Mi hermana está en los alpes. (eskiar)
(Mi sister is skiing in the Alps)
4. El publico esta al cantante. (aplaudir)
(The audience is clapping at the singer)
5. Mi hijo está en la nieve. (jugar)
(My son is playing with the snow)
6. Estoy fotos del paisaje. (sacar)
(I am taking some pictures of the landscape)
7. Los futbolistas estaban sobre el último gol. (hablar)
(The football players were discussing the last score).
8. Me estáis ? (escuchar)
(Are you listening to me?)
9. El ladrón está de la policía. (huir)
(The robber is running away from the police)
10. Los niños están un castillo de arena. (construir)
(The kids are building a sandcastle)
Example:
cantar → cantando
1. estudiar (to study) →
2. comer (to eat) →
3. vivir (to live) →
4. dormir (to sleep) →
5. leer (to read) →
6. pedir (to ask) →
7. reír (to laugh) →
8. creer (to believe) →
9. ir (to go) →
10. oír (to hear) →
Example
Estoy comiendo. (I am eating)
1. Sigamos (trabajar) (Let's keep working)
2. Estamos (comer) (We are eating)
3. ¿Qué estáis ? (hacer) (What are you doing?)
4. Nos están (mirar) (They are watching us)
5. Siguió (hablar) (She kept talking)
6. Estoy un libro (leer) (I am reading a book)
7. Estaban una película (ver) (They were watching a movie)
8. Llevamos 2 años en Barcelona (vivir) (We have been living in Barcelona for 2 years)
9. Llevo media hora (esperar) (I have been waiting for half an hour)
10. Tengo que irme (correr) (I have to go very fast)
Example
Estoy saltando. (I am jumping)
1. Una chica está en la pista de hielo. (patinar)
(A woman is skating in the ice rink)
2. Estoy un chocolate caliente. (beber)
(I am drinking a hot chocolate)
3. Mi hermana está en los alpes. (eskiar)
(Mi sister is skiing in the Alps)
4. El publico esta al cantante. (aplaudir)
(The audience is clapping at the singer)
5. Mi hijo está en la nieve. (jugar)
(My son is playing with the snow)
6. Estoy fotos del paisaje. (sacar)
(I am taking some pictures of the landscape)
7. Los futbolistas estaban sobre el último gol. (hablar)
(The football players were discussing the last score).
8. Me estáis ? (escuchar)
(Are you listening to me?)
9. El ladrón está de la policía. (huir)
(The robber is running away from the police)
10. Los niños están un castillo de arena. (construir)
(The kids are building a sandcastle)
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Hello everyone!
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I am a CELTA and CELTYL qualified senior language trainer, a mentor and a qualified teacher trainer as well.
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Lessons should be relaxing, motivating and enjoyable and I always like to hear my students say at the end of the lesson:
"Hey! Teacher! When did this lesson finish? It feels like we've just started!"
So, if you would like to learn English, prepare for your Cambridge exam, or just improve your communications skills I AM LOOKING FORWARD TO MEETING YOU ALL.
See you all during the lessons!
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Hey!
My name is Jayma and I am working as an English Language Assistant in France.
I have a teaching experience of more that 5 years. My approach is activity based to make learning interesting.
I can speak French Spanish Hindi. I can also follow school curriculum if required.
See you and have a great day!
Jayma is a nice and organized teacher ! She creates a lesson based on your demands and makes it with fun !
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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