Pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish
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Lesson outline
Hide- 1.What is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto?
- 1.1.Conjugation of the verb haber
- 1.2.Regularly conjugated past participle of verbs on -AR, -ER, -IR
- 1.3.The complete formation of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish (pluperfect)
- 2.Irregularly conjugated participles of verbs
- 3.When to use the pluscuamperfecto?
- 3.1.For an action or event completed in the past before other actions or events.
- 4.Marker words of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- 5.Example sentences
- 6.Example text
- 7.Translation
- 8.Exercises
- 8.1.Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- 8.2.Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- 8.3.Do you know the most common irregular participles?
What is the pretérito pluscuamperfecto?
The pluperfect tense (Spanish: el pretérito pluscuamperfecto) is one of the compound tenses of the past. It is used to talk about what had happened or had been true at a point in the past. The pretérito pluscuamperfecto has two parts:
- the imperfect tense of the auxiliary verb haber
- the past participle (participio) of the verb
pretérito pluscuamperfecto = haber (imperfecto) + participio
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Conjugation of the verb haber
| Personal pronouns | Auxiliary haber in imperfect |
| Yo | había |
| Tú | habías |
| Él / Ella | había |
| Nosotros/-as | habíamos |
| Vosotros/-as | habíais |
| Ellos / Ellas | habían |
Attention! Note that there are written accent marks on the í of all the imperfect forms of haber.
Regularly conjugated past participle of verbs on -AR, -ER, -IR
| Verbs in -ar | Verbs in -er | Verbs in -ir |
| The verb ending is replaced by -ADO | The verb ending is replaced by -IDO | The verb ending is replaced by -IDO |
hablar → hablado viajar → viajado | comer → comido beber → bebido | vivir → vivido sentir→ sentido |
The complete formation of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto in Spanish (pluperfect)
The complete formation of the pluscuamperfecto is made with the conjugated form of the auxiliary verb haber in the imperfect and the participle form of the verb:
| Personal pronoun | Auxiliary haber in imperfect | Participio |
Yo Tu Él/Ella/Usted Nosotros/-as Vosotros/-as Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes | había habías había habíamos habíais habían | hablado comido vivido |
Irregularly conjugated participles of verbs
There are a few irregular participles in Spanish. Here is a list of the most important exceptions:
| Infinitive | Participle |
| abrir (to open) | abierto (opened) |
| cubrir (to cover) | cubierto (covered) |
| decir (to say) | dicho (said) |
| devolver (to return /to give back) | devuelto (returned) |
| disolver (to dissolve) | disuelto (dissolved) |
| escribir (to write) | escrito (written) |
| hacer (to do) | hecho (done) |
| ir (to go) | ido (gone) |
| morir (to die) | muerto (died) |
| poner (to put) | puesto (put) |
| romper (to break) | roto (broken) |
| ser (to be) | sido (been) |
| ver (to see) | visto (seen) |
| volver (to come back) | vuelto (come) |
When to use the pluscuamperfecto?
The past perfect or pluperfect is another compound tense that is similar in Spanish and English and its use is practically the same in both languages.
For an action or event completed in the past before other actions or events.
- La fiesta había comenzado (The party had started).
- Marta había salido cuando yo entré (Marta had left when I arrived).
Marker words of the pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
These expressions indicated the use of the pluscuamperfecto.
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| todavía no | not yet |
| aún no | not yet |
| ya | already |
| nunca | never |
| siempre | always (I had always...) |
| en mi vida… | in my life |
Example sentences
- Todavía no había salido de casa. (She had not left home yet)
- Siempre había sido mala comedora. (She had always been a fussy eater)
- Ya había realizado la actividad en el libro. (He had already done the activity in the book)
Example text
“José Arcadio Buendía, que era el hombre más emprendedor que había existido en la tierra, había puesto de tal modo la ubicación de las casas, que desde todas podían llegar al río y recolectar agua con igual esfuerzo, y había organizado las calles con tan buen sentido que ninguna casa recibía más sol que otra, a la hora del calor.”
Texto tomado y adaptado del libro “Cien años de soledad” del autor Gabriel García Márquez.
Translation
"José Arcadio Buendía, who was the most enterprising man that had existed on earth, had put the location of the houses in such a way that they could reach the river and collect water with the same effort, and had organized the streets with good sense that any house received more sun than another, at the time of heat. "
Retrieved and adapted from “Cien años de soledad” del autor Gabriel García Márquez.
Exercises
- Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
Example
Ya se había ido cuando llegué. (irse / él)
1. Ya nos cuando llamaron al teléfono. (salir/nosotros)
(We had already left when the telephone rang).
2. Nacho de limpiar cuando Paula lo volvió a ensuciar todo. (terminar/ella)
(Nacho had already finished cleaning when Paula made a mess).
3. A pesar de que no entrenar mucho, Laïla corrió la maratón. (poder/ella)
(Even though she hadn't been able to train much, Laïla run the marathon).
4. Sabía que mi amigo no lo suficiente. (estudiar/ él)
(I knew that my friend hadn't studied enough)
5. Me dijo que el conserje no la . (saludar/ella)
(She told me that the concierge hadn't said hello to her)
6. Cuando llegué a casa, mi madre ya (salir/ella)
(When I came back home, my mum had already left)
7. Nunca antes tanto. (trabajar/yo)
(I had never worked that much).
8. La función ya cuando llegamos al teatro. (empezar/ella)
(The show had already started when we arrived to the theatre).
9. Aunque mucho, suspendieron el examen. (estudiar/ellas)
(Even though they had studied a lot, they failed the test).
10. Cuando llegué a la fiesta, ya “Cumpleaños feliz”. (cantar/ellos)
(When I arrived to the party they had already sung "Happy birthday").
Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
Example:
No había trabajado antes. (él-trabajar)
(He hadn't worked before)
1. Ya cuando llegó. (comer- nosotros)
(We had already eaten when he arrived)
2. Nunca lo antes de aquel día. (ver- yo)
(I hadn’t seen him before that day)
3. su coche. (vender- ella)
(She had sold her car).
4. Vosotros mucho tiempo en París. (vivir- vosotros)
(You had lived in Paris for a long time).
5. No nada. (decir- él)
(He hadn’t said anything)
6. mucho ese día. (trabajar- tú)
(You had worked a lot that day)
7. Ellos en España antes. (vivir- ellos)
(They had lived in Spain before)
8. Ya vender la casa. (decidir- nosotros)
(We had already decided to sell the house)
9. Todavía no al cine a ver esa película. (ir- él)
(He still hadn’t gone to the cinema to watch that movie)
10. Ya el examen. (hacer- nosotros)
(We had already done the exam)
Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Example:
Tres personas habían muerto. (ellas- morir)
(Three people had died)
1. Ya la puerta cuando llamó al timbre. (abrir-yo)
(I had already opened the door when he rang the bell)
2. la moto con plástico para que no se mojase de la lluvia. (tú- cubrir)
(You had covered the motorbike with plastic in order to keep it dry from the rain)
3. ¿Qué le ? (decir-tú)
(What did you say to him?)
4. un libro de aventuras. (ella-escribir)
(She had written an adventure book)
5. demasiadas patatas para la cena. (él-freír)
(He had fried too many chips for dinner)
6. Por favor, recuérdame qué para comer.
(Please, remind me what she had made for lunch).
7. un ruido, por eso tenían miedo. (ellos-oír)
(They had heard some noise, that’s why they were scared).
8. Me una bufanda porque pensaba que hacía más frío. (yo-poner)
(I had put on a scarf because I thought it was colder)
9. No le el móvil adrede. (ella-romper)
(She hadn’t broken his phone on purpose)
10. ¡Perdona, no te ! (yo-ver)
(Sorry, I hadn’t seen you!)
Exercises
- Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
- Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
- Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Exercise to practice the Pretérito pluscuamperfecto.
Example
Ya se había ido cuando llegué. (irse / él)
1. Ya nos cuando llamaron al teléfono. (salir/nosotros)
(We had already left when the telephone rang).
2. Nacho de limpiar cuando Paula lo volvió a ensuciar todo. (terminar/ella)
(Nacho had already finished cleaning when Paula made a mess).
3. A pesar de que no entrenar mucho, Laïla corrió la maratón. (poder/ella)
(Even though she hadn't been able to train much, Laïla run the marathon).
4. Sabía que mi amigo no lo suficiente. (estudiar/ él)
(I knew that my friend hadn't studied enough)
5. Me dijo que el conserje no la . (saludar/ella)
(She told me that the concierge hadn't said hello to her)
6. Cuando llegué a casa, mi madre ya (salir/ella)
(When I came back home, my mum had already left)
7. Nunca antes tanto. (trabajar/yo)
(I had never worked that much).
8. La función ya cuando llegamos al teatro. (empezar/ella)
(The show had already started when we arrived to the theatre).
9. Aunque mucho, suspendieron el examen. (estudiar/ellas)
(Even though they had studied a lot, they failed the test).
10. Cuando llegué a la fiesta, ya “Cumpleaños feliz”. (cantar/ellos)
(When I arrived to the party they had already sung "Happy birthday").
Do you know how to conjugate verbs in Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto?
Example:
No había trabajado antes. (él-trabajar)
(He hadn't worked before)
1. Ya cuando llegó. (comer- nosotros)
(We had already eaten when he arrived)
2. Nunca lo antes de aquel día. (ver- yo)
(I hadn’t seen him before that day)
3. su coche. (vender- ella)
(She had sold her car).
4. Vosotros mucho tiempo en París. (vivir- vosotros)
(You had lived in Paris for a long time).
5. No nada. (decir- él)
(He hadn’t said anything)
6. mucho ese día. (trabajar- tú)
(You had worked a lot that day)
7. Ellos en España antes. (vivir- ellos)
(They had lived in Spain before)
8. Ya vender la casa. (decidir- nosotros)
(We had already decided to sell the house)
9. Todavía no al cine a ver esa película. (ir- él)
(He still hadn’t gone to the cinema to watch that movie)
10. Ya el examen. (hacer- nosotros)
(We had already done the exam)
Do you know the most common irregular participles?
Example:
Tres personas habían muerto. (ellas- morir)
(Three people had died)
1. Ya la puerta cuando llamó al timbre. (abrir-yo)
(I had already opened the door when he rang the bell)
2. la moto con plástico para que no se mojase de la lluvia. (tú- cubrir)
(You had covered the motorbike with plastic in order to keep it dry from the rain)
3. ¿Qué le ? (decir-tú)
(What did you say to him?)
4. un libro de aventuras. (ella-escribir)
(She had written an adventure book)
5. demasiadas patatas para la cena. (él-freír)
(He had fried too many chips for dinner)
6. Por favor, recuérdame qué para comer.
(Please, remind me what she had made for lunch).
7. un ruido, por eso tenían miedo. (ellos-oír)
(They had heard some noise, that’s why they were scared).
8. Me una bufanda porque pensaba que hacía más frío. (yo-poner)
(I had put on a scarf because I thought it was colder)
9. No le el móvil adrede. (ella-romper)
(She hadn’t broken his phone on purpose)
10. ¡Perdona, no te ! (yo-ver)
(Sorry, I hadn’t seen you!)
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Spanish native speaker, lessons for all levels ONLINE and presidential (Rome)!
S. E.
Lourdes is a great teacher! She has an easy going personality that makes you very comfortable during the class! I can be a little bit awkward when I talk to someone for the first time, but I didn't feel that at all during our first session! She always has a positive energy which is very encouraging. I've tried free trials with another teacher who I'm sure is good as well but the sessions lasted 15 min. Lourdes The free trial class was 1 hour and it felt exactly like the ones I paid for! The materials she uses are easy to follow but challenging enough to make steady progress. I would recommend her for anyone who is looking for an excellent and patient teacher with captivating personality!
Lourdes B.
I am young female staying in Johannesburg, South Africa. I have obtained my qualification in Agricultural management. I am well mannered and very inquisitive. I enjoy spending quality time with my friends and family because it is always an opportunity to learn more about myself and explore different characteristics that I have. I strongly believe in sharing and helping others. In life, we all have moments where one needs help but it is never easy to ask for help, hence why I always put myself forward by offering help. The world can be a much better place if more people had the spirit to help.
Teaching is a special role for one to play because it requires patience. I was able to learn more about my teaching ability through helping my brother and his friends with their homework and school assignments. I am quite charismatic and able to think on my feet to bring solutions when there is a problem. I enjoy teaching because it allows me to share what I have been taught and my knowledge with the next person.
I strongly believe in using color as part of my teaching methods because things are easier to remember when there is color attached. I will be using mostly paper to emphasize on things being taught so that they can be studied and re-learned at a larger stage. I will be using charts and graphs so the students are able to see and not just picture what is being taught. I will also share documents and articles relating to what is being taught just for interest and so that the students are able to learn more outside the class sessions.
My teaching material:
PDF file
Text Documents
Presentation slides
Audio files
Image files
Video files
Flashcards
Articles and news
Quizzes
Test templates and examples
Graphs and charts
Homework Assignments
Approved
T. .
Mantsha is a very kind and friendly teacher. She has 2 years of online teaching experience and is prepared to teach all ages students. She is ready to improve your English with all learning materials and learning techniques!
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Mantsha M.
Hello dear students!
My name is Maria Berroteran, I was born in Venezuela and now live in Germany. I am not here to offer you the typical boring language classes, I am here to help you develop your skills, to make you feel comfortable when speaking and to learn the language in a fun and efficient way. Let's have fun together, it's the best way to learn! Don't worry if you need help, I'm here to guide you and answer all your questions without judging.
I have experience teaching children, teenagers, and adults in Germany, so it doesn't matter if you are a beginner or advanced, I will adapt to your needs.
Give me the opportunity and let's achieve one of your goals together!
B. B.
Maria is a really sweet teacher who really wants to help you. Her powerpoints are beautiful and really clear. She is always on time and she makes sure that you will understand everything!
Maria Gabriela B.
My name is Maja and I am a CELTA certified teacher holding a Bachelor's degree in English language and literature. My teaching experience spans over 15 years and it encompasses work with both children and adults. Time flies fast when you are having fun, some might say. And teaching for me is exactly that – fun.
During my career, I have worked with all levels and ages, both in primary and private language schools and now in an online setting.
Working with the little ones must be the most challenging but also the most rewarding aspect of this job. In my virtual classroom, I strive to constantly engage and activate my students by using props, visuals and gestures. In addition, creating a child-friendly environment and catering for students’ needs are essential for learning to take place.
In my spare time, every now and then I get away from the city and spend a bit of time in the great outdoors, hiking or camping. Tai Chi is something that I have recently discovered. And I absolutely love it!
You will find that I am a hard-working, reliable and an adaptable person and I am sure we will get along well.
So, let’s learn and grow together. Come and join me in my virtual classroom where the magic happens.
H. K.
Maja is a very outgoing and dedicated teacher who already has around 16 years of experience in teaching English. She puts a lot of emphasis on educating her students in all disciplines and aims to provide fun lessons adapted to the students' wishes and needs. That's why she's using visual and entertaining learning methods. In addition, she's also specialized in preparing people for their Cambridge exams. So don't hesitate any longer and book your first English lesson with Maja now!
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Maja K.
Hi, I'm Francesca
I have been teaching Italian to adults since 2010, individual and group lessons. I have a degree in English and French, and I have a diploma of interpreter in German. In the summer I teach Italian in full immersion courses in Tuscany, where I live.
I really enjoy helping people to learn more not only about Italian as a language but also the rich Italian culture.
Usually I divide my lessons into three parts: a bit of grammar (which is unfortunately very useful...but I can teach you some tricks to learn without much effort!), a listening/reading comprehension part usually with videos, songs, docs about Italy and then ... we talk about Italy!
I will provide all material, and I'll send them by email.
H. K.
Francesca is a passionate Italian teacher who has been teaching this wonderful language for over 8 years already. With her practical and lively lessons, she wants to help you improve your Italian skills and use them in your everyday life. Therefore, she puts great emphasis on interaction and vocabulary that you really need. In addition, Francesca will help you learn about the history of Italian culture and this beautiful country. So don't wait any longer and book your first Italian lesson with Francesca today.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
Francesca R.