Slovak perfective and imperfective verbs
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In Slovak language, many verbs have two forms: perfective and imperfective. Let's have a look at what it means and how we differentiate them!
Here are some examples:
English | Perfective | Imperfective |
---|---|---|
to read | prečítať | čítať |
to write | napísať | písať |
to wash | umyť | umývať |
put shoes on | obuť sa | obúvať sa |
Perfective verbs do not exist in present tense. They have just future or past form. To express the present time, we use perfective verbs.
For example the verb "I eat":
najedol som sa (perfective, past tense) - jem (imperfective, present tense) - najem sa (perfective, future tense)
Very often the perfective verb is a finishing phase of imperfective verb.
For example the verb "to put the clothes on":
obliekať sa (imperfective) -> obliecť sa (perfective)
"obliecť sa" is a finishing phase of "obliekať sa" and it is used when you finished eating.
As you can see, the perfective and imperfective verbs are similar. However, there is no exact rule on how to create these forms. Some are created by adding a prefix or a suffix (písať - napísať), some have an extra consonant (umývať - umyť)and some completely change their word base (hľadať - nájsť).
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We will show you how the perfective verbs work in practice.
All of the actions were finished.
Here are the examples of the same sentences, but with the actions that have not been finished yet, or we do not know when they will be finished.
And now, we will provide you with a list of vocabulary of some useful perfective and imperfective verbs.
English | perfective | imperfective |
---|---|---|
to clean | upratať | upratovať |
to sell | predať | predávať |
to eat | zjesť | jesť |
to do | urobiť | robiť |
to pay | zaplatiť | platiť |
to find | nájsť | hľadať |
to give | dať | dávať |
to earn | zarobiť | zarábať |
to take | zobrať | brať |
to learn | naučiť sa | učiť sa |
Let´s practice the verbs in our exercises!
In the brackets you can find the infinitive of the verb. All verbs are in past tense.
Good luck!
- napísal - umývala - prečítal - dali - predávali - čítal - navaril - piekli - predalo - obúvali - som - sme -
Jozef (prečítať) knihu. = Jozef reads the book.
Mama (umývať) okná. = Mom was cleaning the windows.
Oni nám (dať) darček. = They gave us a present.
Dedko nahlas (čítať) noviny. = Grandpa was reading the newspaper out loud.
Kuchár (navariť) dobrú polievku. = The chef cooked a good soup.
Predavači (predávať) nové oblečenie. = The shop assistants were selling new clothes.
Všetko sa (predať). = Everything is sold.
Ja s otcom (piecť) = Me and my dad were baking a cake.
Naše deti si topánky 15 minút. = Our kids were puttin on the shoes for 15 minutes.
list prezidentovi. = I wrote a letter o the president.
In the brackets you can find the infinitive of the verb. All verbs are in past tense.
Good luck!
- napísal - umývala - prečítal - dali - predávali - čítal - navaril - piekli - predalo - obúvali - som - sme -
Jozef (prečítať) knihu. = Jozef reads the book.
Mama (umývať) okná. = Mom was cleaning the windows.
Oni nám (dať) darček. = They gave us a present.
Dedko nahlas (čítať) noviny. = Grandpa was reading the newspaper out loud.
Kuchár (navariť) dobrú polievku. = The chef cooked a good soup.
Predavači (predávať) nové oblečenie. = The shop assistants were selling new clothes.
Všetko sa (predať). = Everything is sold.
Ja s otcom (piecť) = Me and my dad were baking a cake.
Naše deti si topánky 15 minút. = Our kids were puttin on the shoes for 15 minutes.
list prezidentovi. = I wrote a letter o the president.
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I am using my vacations to do a session of Turkish with the help of Ibrahim (5 hours over the course of one week). Ibrahim is quite professional and provides a quality textbook in addition to his own teaching materials designed to facilitate teaching Turkish to English-speakers. He also responded positively to more specific demands. I am happy and fully satisfied by my work with Ibrahim.
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Thank you Sebastien it was also a great pleasure for me to meet such a diligent and kind student like you. Thank you for everything. See you again..
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Hello there! My name is Nick I am 27 years old and I come from Canada. In my free time like all kinds of activities starting from traveling the world all the way to singing and playing musical instruments. I have over five years of experience teaching English to adults and all ages of children (4-18). In my class I help you focus, have fun and learn at the same time. Don't worry if you don't know something I am here to help! Hope to see you in mu class, Bye for now!
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Nick is a teacher with great experience, especially in the education of young people, very passionate and enthusiastic about teaching.
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I am very happy and satisfied that I can learn Slovak from Eva. She's doing a great job!
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I am a qualified, experienced teacher of Slovak for foreigners. I have master´s degree in teaching and I´ve been teaching Slovak both in person and online for 10 years. I prepare unique lessons for every student according to their level, needs, goals and preferences. I offer free trial lesson where we assess student´s level, discuss goals and make a plan of lessons. We also set our schedule and student gets a chance to see my teaching style and methods. .
So, if you like to explore the beauty of my mother language, I will be pleased to assist you! Looking forward to meeting you soon online!
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Provides me with lots to learn and is always able to answer my questions about small details and practices within the Slovak language.
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Hi there! Do you want to dive into the beauty of Slovak and / or English language? Then let's do it together!
My name is Katarína and I am here to help you with any aspect of the language - grammar, speaking, conversations...
Thanks to my experience as a teacher at language school, I gave lessons to individuals, groups of various ages, children... I always try to personalize my lessons and concentrate on those areas that are important for you.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. Have a great day!
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Katarína is a very nice and knowledgeable teacher. She always was on time, had well prepared the materials and knows how to explain the Slovak language to a novice. However, I am sure she will also be a good teacher for more advanced speakers.
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I am a qualified, experienced teacher of Slovak for foreigners. I have master´s degree in teaching and I´ve been teaching Slovak both in person and online for 10 years. I prepare unique lessons for every student according to their level, needs, goals and preferences. I offer free trial lesson where we assess student´s level, discuss goals and make a plan of lessons. We also set our schedule and student gets a chance to see my teaching style and methods. .
So, if you like to explore the beauty of my mother language, I will be pleased to assist you! Looking forward to meeting you soon online!
Regards,
Libi
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Another great lesson from Libi! She always comes up with entertaining but challenging lessons and provides thoughtful answers to all of my silly questions.
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I am a qualified, experienced teacher of Slovak for foreigners. I have master´s degree in teaching and I´ve been teaching Slovak both in person and online for 10 years. I prepare unique lessons for every student according to their level, needs, goals and preferences. I offer free trial lesson where we assess student´s level, discuss goals and make a plan of lessons. We also set our schedule and student gets a chance to see my teaching style and methods. .
So, if you like to explore the beauty of my mother language, I will be pleased to assist you! Looking forward to meeting you soon online!
Regards,
Libi
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Imperativ is difficult because there are some irregular verbs which Libi included in the exercise for practice
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My name is Andrea and I'd like to be your Slovak teacher. :-)
I am a qualified teacher. I studied at the State Language School in Slovakia and I passed the General State Examination in English Language (C1-C2 level). I gained a Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD.) in Social Work and completed an Additional Pedagogical Education. As a PhD student, I gained experience in teaching. I´ve more than four-year experience in teaching. I enjoy teaching, working with people and speaking in English.
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I just finished my second Slovak lesson with Andrea and I am very happy that I chose her as my teacher! She is very kind, easy going and patient, and she has a good understanding of both English and Slovak. I would recommend anyone looking to learn this language as well to book your lessons with her! Looking forward to the rest of the course!
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Hello! I am Cesar. I come from Madrid (Spain) and I teach Spanish for foreign students since 2016.- That's my profession.- I have studied Spanish Language and Literature and a master in Teaching Spanish as a Foreign Language.- Online activities and exercises adapted to each student.- Levels from A1 (beginner) to C1 (advanced).- Reports and optional exercises between lessons.- Preparation for official exam DELE (I work as DELE examiner).- I speak English.- Je parle français.- Я немного говорю по русски.
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I can only recommend Cornelia. In terms of skills and interpersonal skills, one of the best teachers I've ever had.
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I can only recommend Eva as a Slovak teacher. She is very competent, uses great material and fully caters to the needs of the students ... the whole thing is rounded off by her friendly and very sociable personality. The very good understanding of the German language and its selected explanations also support me very well and help me to make progress in my lessons in order to achieve my goals. Thank you very much LG your student Daniel
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Hi! I’m Yasmina, a professional German, English, Russian and Slovak teacher for adults and teenagers. I am fluent in 4 foreign languages and I have sucessfuly passed C2 level exams for English and German. I have a Masters degree in foreign languages and cultures from Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. During my studies I have done a couple of exchanges abroad (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, Qatar, Iceland, etc).
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Yasmina organizes the lessons in a varied, easy-to-understand and competent manner, is always punctual and attentive. She also incorporates information about the country (recipes, music, ...) and always thinks of something new - I like it when the learning is playful. Yasmina gladly and patiently answers questions, even those that concern the mentality or dealing with Slovaks (especially Slovakian mother-in-law ...). Clear recommendation!
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Hi there! Do you want to dive into the beauty of Slovak and / or English language? Then let's do it together!
My name is Katarína and I am here to help you with any aspect of the language - grammar, speaking, conversations...
Thanks to my experience as a teacher at language school, I gave lessons to individuals, groups of various ages, children... I always try to personalize my lessons and concentrate on those areas that are important for you.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. Have a great day!
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I did a few lessons with her just a couple of years ago to be honest. Excellent teacher, highly recommended, I'm only sorry I had to interrupt classes with her, because really, it's worth it. Very, very good
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Hi there! Do you want to dive into the beauty of Slovak and / or English language? Then let's do it together!
My name is Katarína and I am here to help you with any aspect of the language - grammar, speaking, conversations...
Thanks to my experience as a teacher at language school, I gave lessons to individuals, groups of various ages, children... I always try to personalize my lessons and concentrate on those areas that are important for you.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. Have a great day!
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Katarina is a very good and very nice teacher who makes it possible for me, as an absolute beginner, to learn a completely new language. She explains the context very well, is excellent at answering my questions and has very helpful materials for her lessons. I can highly recommend her!
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Hi!
My name is Ibrahim and I am here to teach you the essentials of Turkish Language. I got my university degree on law at Ankara University and subsequently finished my degree on MBA at Loyola University Quinlan school of Business in Chicago, USA. After professional life, I started teaching my language turkish to foreginers who want to speak turkish fluently. I have been teaching Turkish for over 5 years in a customized way with tailor-made course design. I use course materials produced mainly by myself as well as other grammer books and visuals. I use interactive teaching methods and encourage my students to speak confidently as well as to ask anything they have in mind. I also follow my students progress through home-works and reviews of the last lesson. After all, I give importance for my lessons to be a fun environment facilitating learning.
And now, it is your turn to take your part in my class at your earliest convenience to see how it works.
I am looking forward to seeing you in my class.
You can also check my youtube channel "Learn Turkish" at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDZZw9jEPdWImMAwfGkqpGA
Thank you.
Ibrahim
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I am using my vacations to do a session of Turkish with the help of Ibrahim (5 hours over the course of one week). Ibrahim is quite professional and provides a quality textbook in addition to his own teaching materials designed to facilitate teaching Turkish to English-speakers. He also responded positively to more specific demands. I am happy and fully satisfied by my work with Ibrahim.
Ibrahim C.
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Thank you Sebastien it was also a great pleasure for me to meet such a diligent and kind student like you. Thank you for everything. See you again..
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Hello there! My name is Nick I am 27 years old and I come from Canada. In my free time like all kinds of activities starting from traveling the world all the way to singing and playing musical instruments. I have over five years of experience teaching English to adults and all ages of children (4-18). In my class I help you focus, have fun and learn at the same time. Don't worry if you don't know something I am here to help! Hope to see you in mu class, Bye for now!
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Nick is a teacher with great experience, especially in the education of young people, very passionate and enthusiastic about teaching.
This review was written by a coLanguage team member during a manual screening of this teacher profile.
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I am very happy and satisfied that I can learn Slovak from Eva. She's doing a great job!
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I am a qualified, experienced teacher of Slovak for foreigners. I have master´s degree in teaching and I´ve been teaching Slovak both in person and online for 10 years. I prepare unique lessons for every student according to their level, needs, goals and preferences. I offer free trial lesson where we assess student´s level, discuss goals and make a plan of lessons. We also set our schedule and student gets a chance to see my teaching style and methods. .
So, if you like to explore the beauty of my mother language, I will be pleased to assist you! Looking forward to meeting you soon online!
Regards,
Libi
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Provides me with lots to learn and is always able to answer my questions about small details and practices within the Slovak language.
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