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English alphabet
In this chapter the English alphabet will be explained. How many letters does the alphabet have? What does the alphabet look like? And how is the pronunciation of the different letters?
Lesson Outline
HideHow many letters does the English alphabet have?
The English language uses the Latin alphabet in its core and consists of 26 letters. It is vital to learn the alphabet as foundation for the learning of any language.
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The 26 letters of the English alphabet
The table below shows you a list of all the letters of the English alphabet in capital or small letters, their individual pronunciation and how they sound when used in a word.
| Capital letters | Small letters | Letter pronunciation | Pronunciation examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | a | [ei] | Apple |
| B | b | [bi] | Bus |
| C | c | [si] | Cut |
| D | d | [di] | Dinner |
| E | e | [i] | Enjoy |
| F | f | [ef] | Fox |
| G | g | [gi] | Garden |
| H | h | [eich] | Hunter |
| I | i | [ai] | Irregular |
| J | j | [jei] | Jewerly |
| K | k | [kei] | Kind |
| L | l | [el] | Leprechaun |
| M | m | [em] | Mirror |
| N | n | [en] | New |
| O | o | [ou] | Old |
| P | p | [pi] | Prison |
| Q | q | [kiu] | Quarterly |
| R | r | [ar] | Reason |
| S | s | [es] | Singular |
| T | t | [ti] | Traveler |
| U | u | [yu] | Usual |
| V | v | [vi] | Vegetarian |
| W | w | [dobeliu] | Wanted |
| X | x | [ecs] | Xenophobia |
| Y | y | [uái] | Yellow |
| Z | z | [cet] | Zero |
Capitalization in English
When do you use a capital letter in English? The following table shows an overview of the rules of capitalization in English.
| Rule | Example |
|---|---|
| 1. You write a capital letter at the beginning of the sentence. | He likes to play soccer. |
| 2. Capitalize the first word in quotations. | She said, 'That is not fair.' |
| 3. You write a capital letter for proper nouns: names of people, specific places, companies, and things. | I moved to Spain last January. |
| 4. Titles of persons get a capital letter when they replace the use of a name or before a name. | Sincerely, Prince Harry |
| 5. Capitalize directions that refer to specific regions. | I live in Northern Spain. |
6. Names of books, movies and other publications get a capital letter. | The Hunger Games |
| 7. Capitalize days, months and holidays. | Her birthday is in July. |
| 8. Capitalize cities, nationalities, countries and languages. | They are German. |
| 9. Some time periods and events get a capital letter. | World War II was a dark period in the history. |
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An D.
Hands down one of the best teachers I've had the pleasure of working with. Very knowledgeable in all aspects of Bulgarian (grammar rules, expressions, ...) but also in both English and French, which helps whenever you have a more in-depth question on the how or why something is the way it is in Bulgarian. Furthermore he has his own material and always comes prepared, but he is equally open to changing the subject of a lesson to suit your needs. He is patient, positive and not too scholarly, which is what you need as an adult learning day- to- day Bulgarian.I have been working with him for 18 months now and still look forward to our lessons every week.
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Brandon .
Elena is an excellent teacher and a very nice person. I have been training in Spanish with Elena for quite some time now after her being recommended to me by a friend, and have consistently been very pleased with our lessons. While I do not consider myself to be very good at learning foreign languages, Elena is very patient and adapts the lessons to my ability, making me feel at ease. In fact, I find her to be extremely skilled at assessing exactly where I am at any given time with respect to my individual learning situation, and structuring the lessons accordingly. I think I probably would have given up trying to learn Spanish had I not began my study with Elena; and that would have been a shame considering where I am now with the language. Because of Elena's skilled help, I am extremely pleased to not only be conversant in basic Spanish, but also have confidence that I will one day reach full proficiency with the language. No other learning method I tried before meeting Elena compares to the one-on-one, personalized instruction I receive from her, which comprises reading; writing; developmental exercises; and most importantly, conversation. To be able to look at Spanish now and have it appear largely familiar is extremely satisfying. I even plan to study Italian with Elena after reaching my desired level in Spanish. These are not things I ever imagined would occur at the beginning stages of my studies. I am a native English speaker and find Elena's English to be excellent. She had no difficulty instructing me from the very beginning levels where it was necessary that a lot of English be spoken in our lessons, to where we are now with much less English being spoken. The friend who recommended Elena to me learned Dutch from her, and is equally pleased with their experience. I would not hesitate to learn from Elena any of the languages she teaches. I give Elena my highest recommendations and thank her for all the help she has provided me.
Elena P.
Thank you for your feedback, Brandon! I am very happy to know that you are so satisfied with the lessons. I've always believed that you could make it and I am glad that we never gave it up. The right attitude and a high level of perseverance have been the keys to your success. It has been a pleasure to be your guide in your learning process. I know that you can do much more, so let's continue towards a next level!
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Dear Anita, Thank you very much for your nice review! I enjoy our lessons very much too and I am so happy that our communication and chemistry fit well together. That's the best precondition for a good learning experience. See you soon!
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We are an Italian family residing in France for 3 months, we have two 10 year old children who have just started attending CM1. We asked Natalia to give the children two lessons a week to speed up their learning. We are super happy with the choice. Nous sommes une famille italienne résidant en France depuis janvier, nous avons deux enfants de 10 ans qui viennent de commencer la CM1. Nous avons demandé à Natalia de leur donner deux leçons par semaine pour accélérer leur apprentissage. Nous sommes super contents de Natalia. We are an Italian family living in France since 3 months, we have two 10 year old children who have just started attending CM1. We asked Natalia to give the kids two lessons a week to speed up their learning. We are super happy with this choice.
Natalia L.
Fabrizio's children are learning French very fast, I have the impression that these lessons online have been helpful for them and I am sure they will master the language easily. They are very interested in learning.
Danilo G.
It is always a pleasure to have English lessons with Corinne. The lessons are always a lot of fun and extremely interesting concerning on current affairs and unfortunately the time always ends too early. Very recommended.
Corinne P.
Thank you, Danilo. It is always a pleasure having lessons with you and I have enjoyed our many conversations together. And what a joy that over time they have become easier for both of us to understand! :D
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It was very nice to take a lesson from Theano (Anny). She is adaptable to the student's level and is prepared to help the student as necessary. She is a friendly and caring teacher!
THEANO G.
Σ' ευχαριστώ πολύ Μέγκαν! I'm glad you had a good experience and that you enjoyed it. Your excitment about learning greek motivates me even more :)
Robbie T.
Daniela is a wonderful teacher and a pleasure to talk to. Any student would be lucky to have her as a teacher. Thank you Daniela for your help with my Italian!!!
Daniela V.
Ciao Robbie, thanks a lot for your feedback. I'm very happy you like the classes together and I'll do my best to keep them as fun and interesting as possible :-)
Alba B.
I had my first lesson a couple of days ago and everything went super good! Karin was attentive, transmiting her positivism and helping me with every doubt I had. She really focus on teaching how to pronounce and talk a language, so this is really interesting for me, to practise it & be able to use it in my day by day. I really recommend her to everyone willing to learn a new language :)
Karin L.
Hi Alba! Thank you so much for your wonderful review! I enjoyed our class too & I wish you the best of luck with all your future projects :-)
Silvia B.
Ekaterina writes new words and sentences learnt during the lesson. She has got a very nice attitude and great accent! A pleasure to work with... yes, even in German!!!!!
Ekaterina V.
Dear Silvia, thank you very much for your feedback! It's a real pleasure to have classes with you, and I hope you find them useful!
Martin M.
Deborah has been teaching me Italian for several months. I am very happy and look forward to the new lesson every week. She was immediately able to adapt to my level of knowledge of the Italian language. I can clearly see my progress every week. The lessons can be challenging, which I think is very good. I feel that she is pushing me to the next level. Great ! In addition she always provides me with excellent homework exercises. I really appreciate her patience when I am desperately searching for words during the conversation. In my opinion you can teach yourself a lot, but only with a teacher like Deborah can you achieve an excellent level of active use of language. To achieve this, I will need many more lessons with Deborah. As always we will have a lot of laughter and fun while doing this.
Deborah M.
Thank you very much for your words! You are a very diligent student! You apply and take one step forward with each lesson! See you soon!
Mia .
Enthousiast and engaged teacher. Plans a lesson around your needs and focuses on details specific to you. Finds helpful material for the lessons but also for the time between. Easy to talk to and can be reached easily too.
Anco P.
Hi Mia, thank you for this feedback. We will continue in this way until you are ready for your exam!
Dan T.
Federico is an exceptional teacher. He is patient, knowledgable and makes learning much less stressful. In the short time I've been working with him I feel that my Italian has grown so much faster. He has so many resources to share with his students and helps to coach me through the difficult parts of language learning! I highly recommend him to anyone wanted to learn Italian, it is truly a wonderful experience.
Federico C.
Thank you Dan for the great review! A student like you makes everything easier. I hope to continue like that!
Alessandra C.
I am very satisfied with the teaching method. I highly recommend it if you want to learn the German language correctly. He has a lot of patience and can teach in a very relaxed way. Very very good
Fiorina D.
Thanks so much. It is understood that for any difficulty and / or misunderstanding I am at your disposal.Rina
Luigi D.
I did the first 4 lessons and I am fully satisfied. Precise teacher, very clear in the explanations, easy to follow, very helpful and patient even with those who start from scratch like me. Excellent pronunciation and very useful support with didactic material available. Result: perfect
Maria Grazia L.
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Margaux P.
Very pleasant teacher, as well as an excellent methodology. The dialogue takes place very naturally.
Federico M.
Very good class with Margaux, a young woman with a lot of knowledge and a lot of vocabulary :)
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