English adjectives
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Adjectives are words that modify a noun by providing supplementary information about it. They are most often placed directly before the noun they modify and provide information for by making it more detailed. Unlike pronouns, they do not replace the noun but emphasize its qualities, quantities or properties. Sometimes more than one adjective can be used in the same sentence to provide a more detailed description of the noun.
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There are seven types of adjectives in English that we will further explore with a short summary to each one below.
Quality adjectives provide supplementary information about a noun or a subject. They are the most numerous category of adjectives as they can provide the most information about the nouns.
Demonstrative adjectives are used to identify and point to people and things. They emphasize which noun the speaker is talking about and where it is located in time and space. The demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these, those.
Possessive adjectives show a possession or a relationship between the owner and the thing that is owned. They modify a noun by showing who possess it, therefore they are placed in front of the noun they modify.
Quantity adjectives provide information in describing the quantity of something as a whole. They must be accompanied by a noun.
Interrogative adjectives modify a noun and are used to gain information. They are used only in the form of a question and must be accompanied by a noun in all cases. The interrogative adjectives are what, which, whose.
Number adjectives are used to show the precise countable number of things and people. They can show quantity, order, and position of nouns.
Comparative adjectives are used to compare two or more things, situations, or individuals. They modify the regular adjectives with specific endings to establish the comparison between the nouns.
Superlatives showcase the highest or the lowest level of comparison between things and individuals. With superlatives you compare one thing with everything else and conclude it's position as the greatest or the lowest.
Irregular adjectives are adjectives that don't submit to the regular rules for a comparative and superlative form. They have a special form that must be learned by heart.
Adjective | Comparative form | Superlative form |
---|---|---|
Good | Better | The best |
Well | Better | The best |
Bad | Worse | The worst |
Ill | Worse | The worst |
Old | Elder or older | The eldest or the oldest |
Little | Less | The least |
Much | More | The most |
Many | More | The most |
Far | Further | The furthest |
Majority of adjectives are formed through the use of suffixes. Certain sets of suffixes are used to describe something specific which we can explore in the table below.
Suffix | Use | Examples |
---|---|---|
-able | To describe a capacity or that one is capable | Affordable |
-cal | To describe a characteristic | Identical |
-ed | To describe a mood or feeling | Bored |
-ful | To describe something noticeable | Helpful |
-ing | To describe how something is or how we believe it is. Commonly used with the verb to be | Interesting |
-ish | To describe an attitude | Selfish |
-ive | To show a characteristic of a person | Creative |
-ous | To give a qualitty to a person | Famous |
-y | To describe a state of mind | Angry |
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1 Adjectives of quality in English | English adjectives of quality definition, categories, chart, examples, exercises |
2 Demonstrative adjectives in English | Demonstrative adjectives definition, categories, examples, exercises |
3 Possessive adjectives in English | Possessive adjectives definition, categories, chart, examples, exercises |
4 Quantity adjectives in English | English adjectives of quantity definition, categories, chart, examples, exercises |
5 Interrogative adjectives in English | Interrogative adjectives definition, categories, chart, examples, exercises |
6 Numeral adjectives in English | Numeral adjectives definition, categories, chart, examples, exercises |
7 Comparatives and superlatives | Comparatives and superlatives definition, categories, examples, exercises |