Dutch past perfect (voltooid verleden tijd)
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The past perfect is used to describe a situation that happened in the past and ended in the past.
It is used to clarify that a certain event happened before another event.
The following table shows examples of the usage of the past perfect:
Situation | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
You want to describe an event or action in the past that has ended in the past. The event or action has happened before another event in the past. |
|
|
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The verb 'hebben' is always used with the past participle to create a present perfect sentence.
In some cases the verb 'zijn' (to be) is used:
- 'Zijn' is used together with these verbs in the past participle tense:
- To form the past participle of verbs that express movement, development of change. For example:
The following rule is used to form the past participle:
ge- (prefix) + stem + t/d (ending)
Prefix: if the verb starts with a prefix '(ge-', 'be-', 'er-', 'her-', 'ver-' and 'ont-), the 'ge-' does not have to be added.
Ending: To determine whether the past participle has a '-t' or '-d' ending, the stem of the verb is looked at. If the consonant of the ending of the stem can be found in the word 't exKofschip, the past participle gets a '-t'. The other verbs end in '-d'
Keep in mind: if the stem already ends in '-t' or '-d', the extra '-t' or '-d' of the part participle does not have to be added.
Subject | Form | Antwoorden (to answer) | Wachten (to wait) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik (I) | had + past participle | had geantwoord | had gewacht |
Jij, u (you) | had + past participle | had geantwoord | had gewacht |
Hij, zij, het (he, she, it) | had + past participle | had geantwoord | had gewacht |
Wij (we) | hadden + past participle | hadden geantwoord | hadden gewacht |
Jullie (you) | hadden + past participle | hadden geantwoord | hadden gewacht |
Zij (they) | hadden + past participle | hadden geantwoord | hadden gewacht |
The following rule is used to form the past participle:
Ge- (prefix) + stem + -en (ending)
Here again applies: if the verbs start with one of the prefixes:'ge-', 'be-', 'er-', 'her-', 'ver-' and 'ont-' the suffix 'ge-' does not have to be added.
Have a look at the table below to see the examples of the past participle of strong verbs.
Subject | Form | Beginnen (to start) | Sterven (to die) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik | was + past participle | was begonnen | was gestorven |
Jij, u | was + past participle | was begonnen | was gestorven |
Hij, zij, het | was + past participle | was begonnen | was gestorven |
Wij | waren + past participle | waren begonnen | waren gestorven |
Jullie | waren + past participle | waren begonnen | waren gestorven |
Zij | waren + past participle | waren begonnen | waren gestorven |
As you can see in the table:
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