Dutch present perfect (voltooid tegenwoordige tijd)
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The Dutch present perfect is used to express an action or event that happened in the past and already ended. This is actually very similar to the simple past and often mixed up by the Dutch themselves.
The present perfect does not have rules for when to use it, but only tips for guidance when to use this tense.
Situation | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
To express an action or event in the past that ended. |
|
|
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The verb 'hebben' (to have) is always used with the past participle to create a present perfect sentence.
In some cases the verb 'zijn' (to be) is used:
- To form the past participle of the link verbs:
- and to form the past participle of verbs that express movement, development of change. For example:
The next rule is used to form the past participle of weak verbs:
ge- (prefix) + stem + t/d (ending
If the stem already ends in '-t' or '-d', the extra '-t' or '-d' does not have to be added.
The table below shows examples of forming the present perfect with the verb 'hebben' (to have) and a verb ending in '-d' and ending in '-t'.
Subject | Form | antwoorden (to answer) | wachten (to wait) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik (I) | heb + past participle | heb geantwoord | heb gewacht |
Jij, u (You) | hebt + past participle | hebt geantwoord | hebt gewacht |
Hij, zij, het (He, she, it) | heeft + past participle | heeft geantwoord | heeft gewacht |
Wij (We) | hebben + past participle | hebben geantwoord | hebben gewacht |
Jullie (You) | hebben + past participle | hebben geantwoord | hebben gewacht |
Zij (They) | hebben + past participle | hebben geantwoord | hebben gewacht |
The next formula is used to form the past participle of strong verbs:
ge- (prefix) + stem + -en (ending)
Remember: if the verbs begin with the prefixes: 'ge-', 'be-', 'er-', 'her-', 'ver-' and 'ont-' the 'ge-' does not have to be added.
The table below shows examples of forming the present perfect with the verb 'zijn' (to be) and the past participle.
Subject | Form | beginnen (to start) | sterven (to die) |
---|---|---|---|
Ik | ben + past participle | ben begonnen | ben gestorven |
Jij, u | bent + past participle | bent begonnen | bent gestorven |
Hij, zij, het | is + past participle | is begonnen | is gestorven |
Wij | zijn + past participle | zijn begonnen | zijn gestorven |
Jullie | zijn + past participle | zijn begonnen | zijn gestorven |
Zij | zijn + past participle | zijn begonnen | zijn gestorven |
Strong verbs that have an 'i' in the infinitive, get an 'o' in the past form.
Strong verbs that have an 'e' in the infinitive, get 'o' in the past form.
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Hello,
I'm offering informal Dutch and English lessons based on conversation and will conduct my lessons for as much as possible in the target language.
I use text, weblinks to tv shows to get us talking and am a fan of the TPRS method.
There's a lot of information on that method online. Basically it's getting to know the structure Dutch and English through simple conversation. (questions about 1 or several sentences on any topic)
I have some useful weblinks to tv shows in Dutch (with subtitles in Dutch) adjusted to your level and the shows are entertaining too. :-)
We can discuss the shows preferably in the target language of course.
I can explain some grammar too if needed and have articles and books ready to read from. This again will be adjusted to your proficiency. But of course if you'd like to focus on a topic which has your interest that is possible as well. This makes it more personal and more fun.
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So....
Would you like to take some extra lessons, before, in between or after your regular courses or prepare specifically for your exams? Contact me for a trial lesson.
Are you a Dutch student, struggling with the NT1 exams? Book a lesson with me and we can do this together.
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Enjoyable classes, with teaching materials tailored to your needs.
How do the classes work? A class lasts 45 minutes. I'll send you the materials we are going to use in class beforehand so you can print them. After the class I'll send you audios of the notes we made, vocabulary etc. My speciality is communication, from beginner level to advanced. So, you will speak some Dutch in the first class already! Why wait any longer? Let's get started! :-)
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