Dutch personal pronouns (persoonlijk voornaamwoord)
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Dutch personal pronouns refer to a person, group of people or an object. As you will see below, there are different pronouns for subjects and objects.
The subject in a sentence is the one that performs the action. There are two forms of subject pronouns:
Stressed subject pronoun | Unstressed subject pronoun | Translation |
---|---|---|
Ik | Ik | I |
Jij | Je | You |
U | U | You (formal) |
Hij | Hij | He |
Zij | Ze | She |
Dit/dat | Het | It (het-nouns) |
Deze/die | Hij | It (de-nouns) |
Wij | We | We |
Jullie | Jullie | You |
Zij | Ze | They |
Deze/die | Ze | They (lifeless objects) |
You can replace the personal pronoun by a name if you are not sure – if it cannot be replaced by a name it is not a personal pronoun.
The stressed subject pronouns are used when the emphasis lies on the pronoun in the sentence:
Subject pronoun | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Ik |
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Jij (stressed) Je |
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U |
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Hij |
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Zij (stressed) Ze |
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Dit/dat (het-nouns) (stressed) Het (het-nouns) |
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Deze/die (de-nouns) Hij (de-nouns) |
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Wij (stressed) We |
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Jullie |
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Zij (stressed) Ze |
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Deze/die (lifeless object) Ze (lifeless object) |
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'Dit'/'dat' and 'deze'/'die' are demonstrative pronouns
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We use an object pronoun when the personal pronoun is not the subject in the sentence. There are two forms of object pronouns:
Stressed object pronouns | Unstressed object pronouns | Translation |
---|---|---|
Mij | Me | Me |
Jou | Je | You |
U | U | You (formal) |
Hem | Hem | Him |
Haar | Haar | Her |
Dit/dat | het | It (het-nouns) |
Deze/die | hem | It (de-nouns) |
Ons | Ons | Us |
Jullie | Jullie | You |
Hun/hen | Ze | Them |
Deze/die | Ze | Them |
'Dit'/'dat' and 'deze'/'die' are demonstrative pronouns.
Object pronoun | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|
Mij (stressed) Me |
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Jou (stressed) Je |
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U |
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Hem |
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Haar |
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Dit/dat (het-noun) Het (het-nouns) |
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Deze/die (de-nouns) Hem (de-nouns) |
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Ons |
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Jullie |
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Hun/hen (stressed) Ze |
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Deze/die (lifeless object) Ze (lifeless object) |
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