Definite article of the Bulgarian nouns
Exercises
In the Bulgarian language the definite article is part of the ending of the word (not separated). There are different definite articles for male, female and neuter nouns.
Lesson Outline
Hide1. Masculine nouns
For the masculine nouns there are two forms of the definite article, depending on the role of the noun in the sentence: object or subject.
| Nominative form |
Definite article short form -а/-я |
Definite article long form -ат/-ят |
|---|---|---|
| ключ | ключа | ключът |
| сандвич | сандвича | сндвичът |
| учител | учителя | учителят |
When the noun takes the role of the subject, it receives the long definite article. When the noun takes the role of the object, it receives the short definite article.
| Subject | Ключът е на масата. | The key is on the table. |
|---|---|---|
| Object | Той ми даде ключа от къщата. | He gave me the key. |
Some exceptions
For the masculine nouns ending in -A the definite article is - TA
| баща | бащата |
| father | the father |
Nouns that use the definite article -Ят
| ден | денят |
| зет | зетят |
| кон | конят |
| крал | кралят |
| лакът | лакътят |
| нокът | нокътят |
| огън | огънят |
| път | пътят |
| сън | сънят |
| цар | царят |
When to use the long form - more examples
We use the long definite article when the noun is the subject of the sentence.
| Царят пие вино. | The king drinks wine. |
| Ученикът е умен и трудолюбив. | The student is smart and hard-working. |
| Приятелят ми е в чужбина. | My friend is abroad. |
When to use the short form - more examples
We use the short form for all the other cases: when the nouns is the object of the sentence or after a preposition.
| Кралицата говори с царя. | The queen talks with the king. |
| Аз помагам на ученика. | I help the student. |
2. Feminine nouns
The feminine nouns have only one form. The female definite article is added in the ending of the noun - Та
| Nominative form | Definite article |
| жена | жената |
| чаша | чашата |
3. Neuter nouns
The neuter nouns also have only one form. We add only -To in the end of the noun
| Nominative form | Definite article |
| кафе | кафето |
| дете | детето |
4. The definite article for the plural forms of the nouns
In the plural form the male and female nouns receive the same ending -Те, and the neuter nouns receive the ending -Та
| Nominative form | Definite article | Noun with definite article | |
|---|---|---|---|
| m. | телефони | +те | телефоните |
| f. | чаши | +те | чашите |
| n. | кафета | +тa | кафетата |
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