Relative pronouns (who, that, which, ...) in Italian
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Relative pronouns (I pronomi relativi) connect phrases and sentences replacing one or more elements.
Masculine singular | Feminine singular | Masculine plural | Feminine plural | English |
---|---|---|---|---|
Che | Che | Che | Che | Who / which / that |
Cui | Cui | Cui | cui | Who /which / that (preceded by a preposition) |
Il quale | La quale | I quali | Le quali | Who / which / that (formal/less used) |
Let's analize some sentences.
Italian | English |
---|---|
Il computer che mi hai regalato non funziona. | The computer (that) you gave to me as a present doesn't work. |
Potrei sapere il motivo per cui state litigando? | May I know the reason why you are fighting? |
Questa è la legge della quale parlavamo. | This is the law we were talking about. This is the law of which we were talking. |
La ragazza che sta cantando è mia cugina | The girl who is singing is my cousin. |
Il panino che ho mangiato per pranzo era buonissimo. | The sandwich (that) I had for lunch was amazing. |
Nel Paese da cui provengo non esiste una cosa del genere. | In the Country I'm from there is no such thing. In the Country from which I come from there is no such thing. |
Unlike English, Italian relative pronouns can never be omitted.
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Che is a connector between different phrases with common elements; it replaces the subject or the direct object complement.
It translates as who, which or that, depending on the context.
It is never preceded by a preposition.
English | Italian |
---|---|
Il libro che mi hai regalato è molto bello. | The book (that) you gave me is very good. |
Gli avvocati che conosco sono piuttosto bravi. | The lawyers (who) I know are quite capable. |
Ho letto il rapporto che hai scritto ieri. | I read the report (which) you wrote yesterday. |
Vedo la casa che dicevi. | I can see the house (that) you talked about. |
Il quadro che hai dipinto è un capolavoro. | The painting (that) you painted is a masterpiece. |
Cui replaces the indirect complement and it is always preceded by a preposition.
It translates as who, which, that depending on the context.
Italian | English |
---|---|
L'aereo su cui viaggiamo è un Boeing 747. | The plane we're travelling on is a Boeing 747. The plane on which we travel is a Boeing 747. |
La cioccolata di cui vado matto è fatta in Svizzera. | The chocolate I go crazy about is made in Switzerland. The chocolate of which I go crazy is made in Switzerland. |
L'Italia è un Paese a cui teniamo molto. | Italy is a country we care a lot about. Italy is a country of which we care a lot. |
Il fatto di cui abbiamo discusso è molto grave. | The event (of which) we discussed about was very serious. |
Questa è la ragione per cui ho accettato questo lavoro. | This is the reason why I accepted this job. This is the reason for which I accepted this job. |
Il quale replaces the subject, the direct object complement or the indirect complements.
This pronoun translates as who, which and that and changes according to gender and number of the element it replaces.
Singular masculine | Singlular Feminine | Plural masculine | Plural feminine |
---|---|---|---|
Il quale | La quale | I quali | Le quali |
It is considered more formal than cui or che, so it's typical of written contexts.
Italian | English |
---|---|
La ditta per la quale lavoro ha sedi in tutta Europa. | The firm I work for has offices all over Europe. The firm for which I work has offices all over Europe. |
Ti presento le ragazze con le quali vado al bar. | I present you the girls whom I go to the pub with. |
Ne ho discusso con Roberto, il quale non sembra d'accordo. | I talked about it with Roberto, who doesn't seem to agree. |
I fratelli Wright, ai quali si deve il primo modello di aereo. | The Wright brothers, thanks to whom we had the first model of an airplane. |
Le persone alle quali telefonerai sono interessanti. | The people whom you're going to phone are interesting. |
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Daniela is the best teacher ever! I would recommend her to literally anyone that wants to learn Italian. She is kind, sweet, patient, has a great sense of humor and does her job very well and detailed. I have been taking lessons with her for over 2 years now and my Italian improved so much! She always sends you all the materials you need and anything you ask for, like reading materials, grammar exercises etc. Daniela is extremely positive and always comes very prepared and in a great mood. She even makes the hard and more difficult things to learn a fun process. What I liked a lot, is that she doesn’t only teach you the theory but takes her time to have many conversations with you, about all kinds of topics, so that you really get the confidence for fluent talking. She does her job with a lot of passion and dedication and there is literally no question about the Italian language that she cannot answer. I don’t think there is a teacher out there, that will give you so much of her knowledge, joy and time for such a convenient price. Highly recommend!!!
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
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Daniela is a wonderful teacher. I really had difficulty properly expressing myself in Italian. Daniela not only tought me the basic rules of Italian grammar, but more importantly, during our many conversations in Italian, she helped me express myself much better and with confidence. I still have some path to go, particulalry deepening my knowledge of grammar. The next phase that I will start in a couple of months will focus on perfectionning that. I hope Daniela will find the time to work with me again
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
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Daniela is super nice! Super professional and lessons delivered in a informal and enjoyable way! Thanks Daniela :)
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Hi everyone!
My name is Daniela, I am Italian and I come from a small town in Sicily, Southern Italy. I am a qualified Italian language teacher and a CELI examiner! I work in two language schools teaching Italian and I also teach English at school.
I love foreign languages, translating, reading and listening to music. Are you ready to start your language learning path with me? We are going to learn many things and to talk a lot, if you allow me to! Don’t worry if you’ve never studied the language before: everyone can attend my classes – from beginner to advanced students. You just need passion for what you're going to do and... a good Internet connection. Materials are provided by me!
See you online!
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Daniela is an excellent teacher. has a lot of patience and you shouldn't be afraid of making mistakes. she is always there to help you. Thanks Daniela
Daniela V.Dear Linda, thank you for your positive feedback. I am very happy that you feel comfortable and this is very important to me. Thanks to you for the great trust :-)
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Amazing teacher , always on time and the more I took lessons the more I understood Italian , I am still not speaking well but I can understand 75% of what people on the street are saying to me compared to the beginning when I only understood 20-30% , that really helped me a lot specially since it is hard to find English speaking places around me , the lesson is always on time and the teacher is flexible and the teaching materials are great with Italian culture and everyday life mixed in recommended
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Jalal is a teacher with experience in several countries with lots of passion about teaching English.
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